Terrestrial adaptations in the postcranial skeletons of guenons

Gebo, Daniel L.; Sargis, Eric J.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330930306

Cited by 153 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…References and further readings: Gebo and Sargis (1994), Nowak (1999), Rose (1979), Rowe (1996), Vilensky et al (1988) often practise the fast ricochetal brachiation which includes a flight phase between two successive handholds. Gibbons commonly climb vertical trunks and can walk bipedally along larger boughs.…”

Section: Catarrhinimentioning

confidence: 99%

Locomotion and postural behaviour

Schmidt

2011

Adv. Sci. Res.

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Abstract. The purpose of this article is to provide a survey of the diversity of primate locomotor behaviour for people who are involved in research using laboratory primates. The main locomotor modes displayed by primates are introduced with reference to some general morphological adaptations. The relationships between locomotor behaviour and body size, habitat structure and behavioural context will be illustrated because these factors are important determinants of the evolutionary diversity of primate locomotor activities. They also induce the high individual plasticity of the locomotor behaviour for which primates are well known. The article also provides a short overview of the preferred locomotor activities in the various primate families. A more detailed description of locomotor preferences for some of the most common laboratory primates is included which also contains information about substrate preferences and daily locomotor activities which might useful for laboratory practice. Finally, practical implications for primate husbandry and cage design are provided emphasizing the positive impact of physical activity on health and psychological well-being of primates in captivity.

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Section: Catarrhinimentioning

confidence: 99%

Locomotion and postural behaviour

Schmidt

2011

Adv. Sci. Res.

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“…A more likely explanation is that patas rely more heavily than vervets on small, widely dispersed foods, which require longer travel distances to obtain sucient food per individual (Chism and Rowell 1988; press; see also above for the same trend in vervets). Patas have limb adaptations that increase stride length (Hurov 1987;Hildebrand 1988;Strasser 1992;Gebo and Sargis 1994), enabling them to move more quickly per unit time than vervets. Most of the locomotor dierences between these two species occur while foraging: patas spend about four times longer than vervets in foraging while walking (Isbell et al, in press).…”

Section: Dierences Between Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movements of vervets ( Cercopithecus aethiops ) and patas monkeys ( Erythrocebus patas ) as estimators of food resource size, density, and distribution

Isbell

Pruetz

Young

1998

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology

147

109

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The eect of food resources on behavior has been dicult to measure. Here we use animals themselves to describe``eective'' food abundance and distribution by comparing, relative to where individuals stopped to eat, movements of (1) adult females living in a small group of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) with those living in a large group and (2) vervets and patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas). Although females in the large vervet group travelled farther and stopped to eat more often than females in the small vervet group, these dierences resulted from foraging in Acacia drepanolobium habitat. In A. xanthophloea habitat, females in the large group travelled less far, travelled shorter distances between foods, and stopped as often as females in the small group. Greater foraging costs of females in larger vervet groups may be oset by access to home ranges of better quality. Compared to patas, vervets travelled shorter distances, moved shorter distances between food sites, stopped less often, and had longer feeding bouts, suggesting that foods of vervets are denser and larger, overall, than foods of patas. When vervets foraged in A. drepanolobium habitat, also the habitat of patas, their foraging behavior became more like that of patas. Vervets travelled farther, stopped more often, and spent less time at food sites in A. drepanolobium habitat than in A. xanthophloea habitat, suggesting that foods are smaller and less usurpable in A. drepanolobium habitat. Distance between foods, a component of food distribution, did not increase, however. The critical variable underlying usurpability of foods may be food site depletion time, a temporal measure.

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“…Patas monkeys live in open grasslands where they move by quadrupedal walking and running, though they are known to utilize trees for sleeping (Kingdon, 1971;Isbell et al, 1998). They are very fast runners, capable of traveling long distances, and converge on nonprimate cursors in many aspects of their musculoskeletal anatomy (Gebo and Sargis, 1994). Comparing these two animals creates a contrast between species representing highly variable locomotion on a variety of substrates vs predominantly terrestrial and less variable progression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutting corners: the dynamics of turning behaviors in two primate species

Demes

Carlson

Franz

2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY In an attempt to characterize more fully the variation in substrate reaction forces in the locomotor repertoire of primates, we recorded the forces involved in directional changes for two species. These are the first records of turning forces for vertebrate quadrupeds, much less primates. Three ring-tailed lemurs and two patas monkeys performed turns of approximately 30° as they crossed a force platform. The ring-tailed lemurs also turned on a horizontal branch-like support with a segment attached to the force transducer. Mediolateral forces of up to 40% body weight were recorded. These are considerably higher than during linear locomotion. Pivot limbs in ground turns and turns on the branch differed in the lemurs, suggesting that substrate influences turning strategies. Limbs encountered both medial and lateral reaction forces, and as a result, they may be exposed to variable bending regimes in the frontal plane. The stereotypy in bending regimes suggested by in vivo bone strain studies, therefore, may characterize linear locomotion only. The lemurs showed hindlimb dominance in turns, both in terms of frequency used as well as force magnitude (hindlimb steering). Hindlimb dominance in weight support characterizes both species (and primates in general), but it is more pronounced in the lemurs. In the patas monkeys,forces were more evenly distributed among the two pairs of limbs. The mediolateral turning forces therefore seem to track the amount of weight to be shifted sideways. Overall variance in mediolateral forces was greater in the arboreal and versatile lemurs than in the terrestrial and cursorial patas monkeys.

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Terrestrial adaptations in the postcranial skeletons of guenons

Cited by 153 publications

References 68 publications

Locomotion and postural behaviour

Locomotion and postural behaviour

Movements of vervets ( Cercopithecus aethiops ) and patas monkeys ( Erythrocebus patas ) as estimators of food resource size, density, and distribution

Cutting corners: the dynamics of turning behaviors in two primate species

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