Terracoccus luteus gen. nov., sp. nov., an LL-Diaminopimelic Acid-Containing Coccoid Actinomycete from Soil

Abstract

A gram-positive, aerobic actinomycete was isolated from soil. Spherical cells of this organism occur singly or form packets, which may cluster. The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan is LL-diaminopimelic acid. The predominate menaquinone is MK-8 (H4), and the main fatty acids are 13-methyl tetradecanoic acid and 12-methyl tetradecanoic acid. The diagnostic polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. The DNA base composition is 73 mol% G+C. Comparison of 16s ribosomal DNA sequences showed that this isolate is a phylogenetic neighbor of Terrabacter tumescens and Intrasporangium cab vum. Genotypic, chemotaxonomic, morphological, and physiological characteristics are used to describe a new genus and species, Terracoccus luteus gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is strain IMET 7848 (= DSM 44267).The order Actinomycetales Buchanan 1917 was defined for gram-positive bacteria which produce mycelia or show at least a tendency to branch. The concept of the actinomycetes was extended on the basis of 16s ribosomal DNA (rDNA) comparisons, which revealed a major phylogenetic lineage that included coccoid, sarcinoid, rodlike, coryneform, and nocardioform organisms, as well as organisms forming aerial mycelia and spores. A combination of chemotaxonomic properties supported the phylogenetic clustering of species at the genus level (35). Recently, the order Actinomycetales was emended, and its genera were classified in a hierarchic system on the basis of 16s rDNA sequence comparisons (38).Among the chemotaxonomic properties of the actinobacteria, the presence of particular diamino acids in position 3 of the peptide subunit of the peptidoglycan was shown to be a valuable taxonomic marker (31). One of these diagnostic diamino acids, u-diaminopimelic acid ( L L -A ,~~) , was found to be characteristic of genera that had been described early, i.e., Streptomyces (44), Intraspurangium (12), and Sporichthya (17). Recent descriptions have considerably increased the number of ~~-A,pm-containing genera, which include Nucardioides (25, 26), Terrabacter (2), Aeromicrobium (21), Luteococcus (42), Propioniferax (47), Microlunatus (24), and Friedmanniella (32). These genera represent five phylogenetic lineages (32,38), and in addition to their 16s rDNA sequence differences, they differ from each other in chemotaxonomic, morphological, and physiological properties (32).In the course of studies directed at isolating novel coryneform and nocardioform actinomycetes for biotechnological exploitation, the strain described here, strain IMET 784ST, was isolated among other strains from a soil sample during the summer of 1985. The coccoid ~~-A,pm-containing strain IMET 7848T was studied with respect to its cultural, morphological, physiological, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, its 16s rDNA sequence, and its degree of DNA-DNA homology with related organisms. The organism was compared with previously described actinobacterial species and was found to represent a new species of a new genus. MATERIALS AND ME...

Georgenia muralis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from a medieval wall painting

“…Analysis of the quinone systems of strains 1A-C T and 3A-1 revealed MK-8(H % ) as the major compound (82-94 %) and, in contrast to previous studies (Altenburger et al, 1996), MK-7(H % ) as the minor compound (3-11 %). Within the suborder Micrococcineae, a quinone system with the predominant menaquinone MK-8(H % ) has been reported for several genera including Bogoriella and Beutenbergia (Stackebrandt et al, 1983a ;Groth et al, 1997aGroth et al, , b, 1999aMartin et al, 1997 ;Prauser et al, 1997 ;Maszenan et al, 2000). In contrast, Cellulomonas has been reported to have a menaquinone system with MK-9(H % ) as the major compound (Stackebrandt & Prauser, 1992).…”

One-time phosphate fertilizer application to grassland columns modifies the soil microbiota and limits its role in ecosystem services

“…In addition, several Bradyrhizobia strains appear to have the capacity to cleave phosphorus directly from carbon via the C-P lyase pathway (Fox et al, 2014). Nocardioides and Terracoccus have been shown to accumulate phosphate in their cell wall polymers which may improve the availability of phosphate to plants upon cell death (Prauser et al, 1997;Mander et al, 2012).…”

Microbiology of the ‘G‐bacteria’ in activated sludge

“…These bacteria were all isolated from activated sludge plants, but among other close relatives are the non‐activated sludge isolates Terrabacter sp. (DPO 1361), Terrabacter tumescens and Terracoccus luteus (Prauser et al ., 1997).…”