Georgenia muralis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from a medieval wall painting

Abstract

Two bacterial strains, designated 1A-C(T) and 3A-1, were studied and, using these results and previously published data, taxonomically classified. Cells of the strains exhibited a rod-coccus cycle. The peptidoglycan determined for 1A-C(T) was of type A4alpha with lysine as the diagnostic cell-wall diamino acid and an interpeptide bridge of L-Lys <-- L-Glu. The menaquinone systems of the two strains contained MK-8(H4) (82-94%) and MK-7(H4) (3-11%). The polar lipid profiles consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified glycolipid. The fatty acid profiles contained predominantly ai-C15:0 and significant amounts of i-C14:0 and i-C15:1 fatty acids. Genomic fingerprints clearly distinguished strains 1A-C(T) and 3A-1 from each other. DNA-DNA relatedness between the two strains (92%) demonstrated that they are members of a single species. Analyses of the 16S rDNA sequences of strains IA-C(T) and 3A-1, which were almost identical (99.6% sequence similarity), and comparison with corresponding sequences demonstrated that they represent a novel lineage within the suborder Micrococcineae, most closely related to species of the genera Beutenbergia, Bogoriella and Cellulomonas (94.7-95.7% sequence similarity). The results demonstrate that the two strains are members of a single new genus and a single novel species. Thus, the name Georgenia muralis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain 1A-C(T) (= DSM 14418T = CCM 4963T). Another strain of the species is strain 3A-1 (= DSM 14419 = CCM 4964).

Shallow Water Marine Sediment Bacterial Community Shifts Along a Natural CO2 Gradient in the Mediterranean Sea Off Vulcano, Italy

“…Temperature range for growth is 10-37°C, with optimum growth at 28-30°C. The pH range for growth is between 6.5 and 10, with optimum growth at pH 7 [35,36].…”

Citricoccus muralis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from a medieval wall painting.

“…were identified as members of the genus Bacillus, the class Actinobacteria and the α-Proteobacteria. Recently, the name Georgenia muralis (Altenburger et al, 2002) has been proposed for two of these isolates. Isolate 4-0 T (originally designated G4 ; Altenburger et al, 1996), which was initially identified as a member of the genus Kocuria based on its morphology, quinone system and fatty acid profile, was re-examined to determine its taxonomic position due to its distinctive characteristics.…”

“…Isolate 4-0 T (originally designated G4 ; Altenburger et al, 1996), which was initially identified as a member of the genus Kocuria based on its morphology, quinone system and fatty acid profile, was re-examined to determine its taxonomic position due to its distinctive characteristics. PYES medium (Altenburger et al, 2002) was used for general laboratory cultivation and for morphological examinations. Cell morphology and Gram behaviour were studied as described previously (Moaledj, 1986 ;Altenburger et al, 2002).…”

“…PYES medium (Altenburger et al, 2002) was used for general laboratory cultivation and for morphological examinations. Cell morphology and Gram behaviour were studied as described previously (Moaledj, 1986 ;Altenburger et al, 2002). Cells of strain 4-0 T were Gram-positive cocci (approx.…”

“…They were yellow, circular, convex and opaque. Anaerobic growth, growth at different temperatures, tolerance to NaCl and pH tolerance were examined as described by Altenburger et al (2002). Growth was not observed under anaerobic conditions.…”