Terpenoids

Ludwiczuk, Agnieszka; Skalicka-Woźniak, Krystyna; Georgiev, Milen I.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802104-0.00011-1

Cited by 160 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…All three aromatic products from N. glutinosa leaves, however, revealed a significant share of the fragrance-related terpene derivatives, namely-of oxygenated monoterpenes and diterpenes. The fragrance importance and the bioactivities associated with Nicotiana diterpenes (cembranoids, labdanoids) rationalized a more detailed insight into the diterpene profile [51,52] of the aromatic products of N. glutinosa leaves (Figure 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terpenoids in the Essential Oil and Concentrated Aromatic Products Obtained from Nicotiana glutinosa L. Leaves

et al. 2019

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N. glutinosa L. is a relatively less studied Nicotiana species (Solanaceae), although there are data about its importance as a model plant in viral control studies, as a gene donor in tobacco hybridization and as a source of agents with insecticidal or fungicidal effects. The biological activities of the species were associated mostly with the presence of leaf surface metabolites, in particular diterpenes and sucrose esters. The aim of this study was to identify the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) and two aromatic extraction products (concrete and resinoid) obtained from N. glutinosa L. leaves. GC-MS analysis identified 26 components in the EO (representing 97.3% of total oil content), which contained mostly diterpene compounds with major components manool (14.2%), sclarene (8.4%) and manoyl oxide (8.1%). The number of compounds identified in the concrete was 37 (95.5% of the total content) and the major component was the diterpene alcohol sclareol (14.2%). In the resinoid, 30 volatile components (representing 95.1% of resinoid content) were identified, with major components nicotine (32.9%), α-tocopherol (8.2%), tridecanoin (6.9%), sclareol (6.9%), and solanone (6.9%). The group of bicyclic diterpenes had the largest share in the diterpene fraction of the products (57.3%, 91.7%, and 86.3%, respectively for the EO, concrete, and resinoid). Considering the abundance of sclareol in the aromatic products, the antimicrobial activity of the pure substance was determined. Sclareol was highly effective against a set of medicinally important yeasts; Candida albicans AТCC 10231, C. glabrata ATCC 90030, C. parapsilosis clinical isolate, and C. tropicalis NBIMCC 23, while being less effective against the studied Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Data from the study on N. glutinosa aromatic products composition may be of interest to the aroma industries for their possible use in perfumery and cosmetics.Molecules 2020, 25, 30 2 of 16 N. glutinosa is native to Northern and Central Peru and Southern Ecuador, where it has adapted well to semi-arid areas, rocky slopes and ditch banks [1,5]. Plants are more fragile and with tender stem than common tobacco (N. tabacum), rarely branching [6]. Leaves are petiolate, heart-shaped; with a maximum length of about 23 cm. Inflorescences are racemose with long peduncles. Unlike N. tabacum, the flowers of N. glutinosa tend to form bilabiate corolla and are deep orange in color with long anthers adhering to the upper lobe of the corolla, as in the bilabiate flowers of other families [6]. N. glutinosa germinates readily and grows well in both a greenhouse and the field [7]. There are three accessions of N. glutinosa, labeled as accessions (acc.) 24, 24A, and 24B [8].Data on the chemical composition of N. glutinosa leaves are generally limited [5], with the exception of those for alkaloids, as well as for sucrose esters, diterpene alcohols and other leaf surface exudate components [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The major alkaloid in N. glutinosa is nornicotine [16], alth...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terpenoids in the Essential Oil and Concentrated Aromatic Products Obtained from Nicotiana glutinosa L. Leaves

et al. 2019

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“…Iridoids consist of skeleton of six‐membered ring; and the oxygen atom attached to cyclopentane ring, mostly occurs in plants, fused with sugar and hence they are named as glycosides and are divided into four groups. These are iridoid glycosides (aucubin, harpagoside), nonglycosylated or simple iridoids (loganin), secoiridoids (gentiopicroside) and bisiridoids, formed by dimerization of iridoids and secoiridoids (Ludwiczuk et al, ). Iridoids occur in dicotyledonous plant families like Apocynaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Diervillaceae, Lamiaceae, Loganiaceae and Rubiaceae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The iridoids possess antifeedant and growth inhibitory properties (Yamane et al, ). Iridoid glycosides (aucubin, harpagoside), simple iridoids (loganin), secoiridoids (gentiopicroside) and bisiridoids synthesized by dimerization of iridoids and secoiridoids (Ludwiczuk, Skalicka‐Woźniak, & Georgiev, ; Fig. ).…”

Section: Phytochemistry Of Indian Morinda Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Triterpenoids are derived biosynthetically from squalene and have complex cyclic structures (e.g., alcohols, aldehydes or carboxylic acids). Triterpenic sterols are based on the cyclopentane perhydrophenanthrene ring (sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol), which occur in higher plants (Ludwiczuk et al, ). The triterpenic glycosides are used in the treatment of cancer due to their efficacy and safety.…”

Section: Phytochemistry Of Indian Morinda Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indian Morinda species: A review

Singh

Sharma

2019

Phytotherapy Research

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Morinda is a largest genus of Rubiaceae family, and its 11 species are found in India.In India, plant species are known by several common names as great morinda, Indian mulberry, noni, beach mulberry and cheese fruit. Various Morinda products (capsules, tablets, skin products and fruit juices) are available in the market, used by people for treatment of several health complaints. A diversity of phytochemicals including iridoids, flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, anthraquinones, coumarins, lignanas, noniosides, phenolics and triterpenoids have been reported from Morinda species. Morinda species are used in the treatment of inflammation, cancer, diabetes, psyquiatric disorders, and bacterial and viral infections. The noni fruit juice (Morinda citrifolia) and its products are used clinically in the treatment of cancer, hypertension and cervical spondylosis affecting patients. M. citrifolia fuit juice, with different doses, is used in the maintaining blood pressure and reducing of superoxides, HDL and LDL levels. Similarly, oligosaccharide capsules and tablets of root extract of M. officinalis are recommended as medicine for the treatment of kidney problems and sexual dysfunctions of patients. The toxicological studies revealed that higher doses of fruit juice (4,000 or 5,000 mg/kg) of M. citrifolia for 2 or more months cause toxic effects on liver and kidneys. M. officinalis root extracts (ethanolic and aqueous) are found fully safe during treatment of diseases. A large number of reviews are available on M. citrifolia but very few studies are conducted on other Indian Morinda species. This review reports the comprehensive knowledge on state-wise distribution, botany, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, clinical applications and toxicological evaluations of 11 species of Morinda found in India.

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“…Beeswax, for example, includes a variety of esters, diesters and hydroxyesters . Resins contain large quantities of terpenes, with pine resin having large quantities of mono‐ and di‐terpenes, and pistacia resin being mainly triterpenes . The range of solubilities displayed is substantial.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ideal solution? Optimising pretreatment methods for artificially mummified ancient Egyptian tissues

Cockitt

Lamb

Metcalfe

2020

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale Although the analysis of skeletal remains dominates the study of ancient dietary stable isotopes, mummified bodies also allow short‐term diet to be studied through the analysis of soft tissues. The application of resins, waxes and oils during mummification can affect the results obtained. This study assesses a range of methods for removing such substances from mummified tissue. Methods An experimental mummification model following ancient Egyptian methods was created using a modern pig leg. Sub‐samples of skin, muscle and bone were removed and coated with a range of substances used in Egyptian mummification. Four methods were used to clean these samples before the measurement of the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of their gelatinised collagen content using a ThermoFinnigan Flash Elemental analyser coupled to a DeltaPlus XL isotope ratio mass spectrometer via a ConFlo III interface. Results The results showed that embalming materials can significantly affect dietary stable isotope ratios, and that these substances are most effectively removed using a mixture of polar and non‐polar solvents. Results indicate that bone samples demineralised with HCl and skin samples produce more accurate results than bone samples demineralised with EDTA or muscle samples. Conclusions The choice of tissue and the preparation methods used can have a significant effect on the accuracy of stable isotope data obtained from mummified tissue, particularly when embalming materials are also present. A mixture of solvents appears to be a more effective cleaning agent than a single solvent. Demineralisation with HCl is preferable for well‐preserved bone, as used in this study, but whether this is the case for more fragile, less well‐preserved bone requires further study. Skin samples produce more consistent data than muscle, but visually distinguishing between these tissues is not simple on ancient mummies.

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Terpenoids

Cited by 160 publications

References 29 publications

Terpenoids in the Essential Oil and Concentrated Aromatic Products Obtained from Nicotiana glutinosa L. Leaves

Terpenoids in the Essential Oil and Concentrated Aromatic Products Obtained from Nicotiana glutinosa L. Leaves

Indian Morinda species: A review

An ideal solution? Optimising pretreatment methods for artificially mummified ancient Egyptian tissues

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