Terpenoids in the Essential Oil and Concentrated Aromatic Products Obtained from Nicotiana glutinosa L. Leaves

Abstract

N. glutinosa L. is a relatively less studied Nicotiana species (Solanaceae), although there are data about its importance as a model plant in viral control studies, as a gene donor in tobacco hybridization and as a source of agents with insecticidal or fungicidal effects. The biological activities of the species were associated mostly with the presence of leaf surface metabolites, in particular diterpenes and sucrose esters. The aim of this study was to identify the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) and two aromatic extraction products (concrete and resinoid) obtained from N. glutinosa L. leaves. GC-MS analysis identified 26 components in the EO (representing 97.3% of total oil content), which contained mostly diterpene compounds with major components manool (14.2%), sclarene (8.4%) and manoyl oxide (8.1%). The number of compounds identified in the concrete was 37 (95.5% of the total content) and the major component was the diterpene alcohol sclareol (14.2%). In the resinoid, 30 volatile components (representing 95.1% of resinoid content) were identified, with major components nicotine (32.9%), α-tocopherol (8.2%), tridecanoin (6.9%), sclareol (6.9%), and solanone (6.9%). The group of bicyclic diterpenes had the largest share in the diterpene fraction of the products (57.3%, 91.7%, and 86.3%, respectively for the EO, concrete, and resinoid). Considering the abundance of sclareol in the aromatic products, the antimicrobial activity of the pure substance was determined. Sclareol was highly effective against a set of medicinally important yeasts; Candida albicans AТCC 10231, C. glabrata ATCC 90030, C. parapsilosis clinical isolate, and C. tropicalis NBIMCC 23, while being less effective against the studied Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Data from the study on N. glutinosa aromatic products composition may be of interest to the aroma industries for their possible use in perfumery and cosmetics.Molecules 2020, 25, 30 2 of 16 N. glutinosa is native to Northern and Central Peru and Southern Ecuador, where it has adapted well to semi-arid areas, rocky slopes and ditch banks [1,5]. Plants are more fragile and with tender stem than common tobacco (N. tabacum), rarely branching [6]. Leaves are petiolate, heart-shaped; with a maximum length of about 23 cm. Inflorescences are racemose with long peduncles. Unlike N. tabacum, the flowers of N. glutinosa tend to form bilabiate corolla and are deep orange in color with long anthers adhering to the upper lobe of the corolla, as in the bilabiate flowers of other families [6]. N. glutinosa germinates readily and grows well in both a greenhouse and the field [7]. There are three accessions of N. glutinosa, labeled as accessions (acc.) 24, 24A, and 24B [8].Data on the chemical composition of N. glutinosa leaves are generally limited [5], with the exception of those for alkaloids, as well as for sucrose esters, diterpene alcohols and other leaf surface exudate components [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The major alkaloid in N. glutinosa is nornicotine [16], alth...

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