Terpenoids from Glechoma hederacea var. longituba and Their Biological Activities

Abstract

Glechoma hederacea var. longituba (common name: ground-ivy) has been used for the treatment of asthma, bronchitis, cholelithiasis, colds, and inflammation. In the present study, three new sesquiterpene glycosides (1–3), two new diterpene glycosides (4–5), and four known compounds (6–9) were isolated from its MeOH extract. Structure elucidation was performed for the five new compounds (1–5) using 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, ECD calculation, and chemical methods. All the isolates (1–9) were assessed for their anti-neuroinflammatory activity on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 cells, nerve growth factor (NGF) secretion stimulation activity in C6 glioma cells, and cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell lines (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT15). Compounds 2 and 5–7 exhibited inhibitory effects on NO production with IC50 values of 52.21, 47.90, 61.61, and 25.35 μM, respectively. Compound 5 also exhibited a significant stimulating effect on NGF secretion (122.77 ± 8.10%). Compound 9 showed potent cytotoxic activity against SK-OV-3 (IC50 3.76 μM) and SK-MEL-2 (IC50 1.48 μM) cell lines, while 7 displayed a strong cytotoxic activity against SK-MEL-2 (IC50 9.81 μM) cell line