Ternary Polymer Mixtures

Kwei, T. K.; Frisch, H. L.; Radigan, W.; Vogel, Sebastian

doi:10.1021/ma60055a032

Cited by 161 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…One of the classical routes to ensure adhesion between the phases is the use of a third component, a compatibilizer, which is compatible or miscible with both phases [1,2]. Such a compatibilizer may be a homopolymer [3,4], a block, graft or star copolymer [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Incorporation of the compatibilizer can be done, either by addition [1], or by in situ generation in a reactive compatibilization process [2,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of organically modified layered silicate as an active interfacial modifier in immiscible polystyrene/polypropylene blends

Ray

Pouliot

Bousmina

et al. 2004

Polymer

398

100

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of organically modified layered silicate as an active interfacial modifier in immiscible polystyrene/polypropylene blends

Ray

Pouliot

Bousmina

et al. 2004

Polymer

398

100

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“…Using eq 2 to equate the difference in chemical potentials between a crystalline polymer unit and the same unit in the pure liquid state, 38 we obtain:…”

Section: Comparison Of Miscibility and Morphology In Two Ternary Blenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T m and T 0 m are the melting temperature of component 2 in the blend and in the pure state, respectively. Combination of eqs 2-4 yields a well-known result: 38,39 …”

Section: Comparison Of Miscibility and Morphology In Two Ternary Blenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,10 Asymmetry in binary interaction parameters, the so-called Á effect, usually promotes phase separation and enlarges the immiscibility region. [9][10][11] Kwei et al 12 have reported ternary polymer blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA), and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), in which the binary pair of PMMA and PEMA is immiscible; however, the addition of PVDF to the immiscible binary blend PMMA/PEMA can form a miscible ternary blend. Nishi et al 13 have investigated the phase behavior of ternary polymer blends and analyzed their phase diagrams according to the Flory-Huggins-Scott theory.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Miscibility and Morphology in Two Ternary Blend Systems: Effects of Binary Interactions

Woo

Liu

2004

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:Experimental and theoretical studies on two ternary blend systems comprised of polystyrene (PS), isotactic polystyrene (iPS) and poly(cyclohexy methacrylate) (PCHMA) or poly(2,6-dimethyl-p-phenylene oxide) (PPO) are described. The differences in phase behavior and morphology of PS/iPS/PCHMA and PS/iPS/PPO ternary blends were investigated and compared by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), polarized-light optical microscopy (POM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These two ternary blend systems were found to be completely miscible within the entire composition range at ambient temperature. However, cloud-point transition and LCST behavior was observed for the PS/iPS/PCHMA blend system, but not for the PS/iPS/PPO blend system. Phase diagrams for ternary systems of PS/iPS/PCHMA vs. PS/iPS/PPO at elevated temperatures of cloud points were constructed with the experimental data. Theoretical calculations were found to agree well with the data. Interaction parameters in the PS/iPS/PCHMA vs. PS/iPS/PPO ternary blends were evaluated to assess possible Á among all the binary pairs that constitute these two ternary blends. The melting point depression was used to investigate interactions between pairs of PS/PCHMA vs. PS/PPO, and it was found that asymmetry in the binary interactions led to more ternary phase instability, which was manifested as lowering the LCST and/or cloud points. [DOI 10.1295/polymj.36.909] KEY WORDS Ternary Polymer Blend / Phase Behavior / LCST / PPO / PS / PCHMA / iPS / Truly miscible ternary blends composed of three polymers different in properties may offer a unique opportunity to develop a new polymer material with flexible combination from three constituents. An approach via ternary systems offers more flexibility and better property balancing than what can be achieved by binary blends. Recent advance in studies on ternary polymer blends have resulted in a few more discoveries on miscible ternary blends. The miscibility of ternary polymer blends consisting of three miscible binary pairs has also been studied. [1][2][3][4][5][6] The fact that each binary pair is miscible does not guarantee that all ternary compositions will be. Depending on the interaction parameters of the three binary pairs, the ternary blend system may be completely miscible 3,7,8 or may show an immiscible loop. 9,10 Asymmetry in binary interaction parameters, the so-called Á effect, usually promotes phase separation and enlarges the immiscibility region.9-11 Kwei et al. 12 have reported ternary polymer blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA), and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), in which the binary pair of PMMA and PEMA is immiscible; however, the addition of PVDF to the immiscible binary blend PMMA/PEMA can form a miscible ternary blend. Nishi et al. 13 have investigated the phase behavior of ternary polymer blends and analyzed their phase diagrams according to the Flory-Huggins-Scott theory. Ternary blends of PMMA, poly(epichlorohydrin), and PEO are miscible, w...

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“…in 500 mL of a 10 wt % methacrylic acid solution in deionized water within a 2-L flask, containing The extent of monomer absorption by PVDF was a 0.1M quantity of FeSO 4 . A stream of nitrogen determined by immersing small pieces (10 1 10 was bubbled through the solution for 2 h to expel 1 0.5 mm, cut from compression-molded plaques)…”

Section: Monomer Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compatibilization of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/nylon 6 blends by carboxylic acid functionalization and metal salts formation. I. Grafting reactions and morphology

Mascia

Hashim

1997

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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An investigation was carried out to determine the feasibility of producing compatibilized blends of PVDF and nylon 6 using a procedure involving the grafting of carboxylic acid groups on the chains of either polymer component and, subsequently, producing the corresponding metal salts. The grafting reactions were carried out by irradiating the polymer with g-rays at 15 kGy, followed by treatments in aqueous solutions of methacrylic acid. These conditions were established from preliminary work which also revealed that this monomer gives higher grafting yields than acrylic acid. The grafted polymers were found to have a heterogeneous structure, attributed to the presence of oligomeric, rather than unitary, side groups. Nevertheless, these modifications of the polymer chains were found to give rise to well-compatibilized blends, containing co-continuous phases which became much finer through the addition of zinc acetyl acetonate. FTIR analysis showed that the enhanced compatibilization resulted from the reactions between the acid groups in the PVDF component and the terminal amine groups of the polyamide chains. Since the addition of zinc acetyl acetonate was found to reduce the yield of amidized groups, it was inferred that the enhanced compatibilization has resulted from the complexation of zinc cations with the amide groups in the nylon 6 chains, which are shared with the carboxylate anions of the grafted PVDF component.

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Ternary Polymer Mixtures

Cited by 161 publications

References 4 publications

Role of organically modified layered silicate as an active interfacial modifier in immiscible polystyrene/polypropylene blends

Role of organically modified layered silicate as an active interfacial modifier in immiscible polystyrene/polypropylene blends

Comparison of Miscibility and Morphology in Two Ternary Blend Systems: Effects of Binary Interactions

Compatibilization of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/nylon 6 blends by carboxylic acid functionalization and metal salts formation. I. Grafting reactions and morphology

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