Ternary mixed-mode silica sorbent of solid-phase extraction for determination of basic, neutral and acidic drugs in human serum

Jin, Shupei; Qiao, Yinghua; Xing, Junpeng

doi:10.1007/s00216-018-1037-3

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…At this time, the pretreatment step with the purpose of separation and/or enrichment of target analytes becomes a key prerequisite for accurate analysis. Even for high-sensitivity analyses, such as those employing liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer/mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS), proper sample preparation can be critical for minimizing matrix effects and concentrating analytes of interest [ 1 , 2 ]. Among many pre-treatment methods, solid phase extraction has been widely used due to its high incidence rate, simple operation, low solvent consumption, and good reproducibility [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Synthesis of Mixed-Mode Weak Anion-Exchange Microspheres via One-Step Pickering Emulsion Polymerization for Efficient Simultaneous Extraction of Strongly and Weakly Acidic Drugs from Reservoir Water

Gou

Huang

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-co-divinylbenzene) (poly(DEAEMA-co-DVB)) microspheres with mixed-mode weak anion-exchange (WAX) character were successfully fabricated for the first time via facile one-step Pickering emulsion polymerization. The obtained poly(DEAEMA-co-DVB) particles had good spherical geometry, uniform particle size in the range of 30–40 µm, a large specific surface area of 575 m2/g, and a pore size range of 5–30 nm, according to the SEM and nitrogen adsorption–desorption results. Using these mixed-mode WAX microspheres as packing material, a reliable and robust analytical method based on solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (SPE-HPLC-UV) was developed for simultaneous determination of six strongly and weakly acidic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, niflumic acid, diflunisal, naproxen, ketoprofen, mefenamic acid, and diclofenac) in reservoir water. Under optimized conditions, it was applicable to preconcentrate up to 500 mL of reservoir water samples on the WAX cartridges with satisfying recoveries (88–96%) for all the NSAIDs tested. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.002–0.025 μg L−1, respectively. Our results showed that the developed mixed-mode WAX poly(DEAEMA-co-DVB) phase containing a tertiary amine with a pKa value of approximately 10.7 could be used for simultaneous clean-up and preconcentration of strongly and weakly acidic organic pollutants in real environmental water, which could not be achieved by single use of quaternary ammonium strong anion-exchange phase or weaker primary and secondary amine anion-exchange.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Synthesis of Mixed-Mode Weak Anion-Exchange Microspheres via One-Step Pickering Emulsion Polymerization for Efficient Simultaneous Extraction of Strongly and Weakly Acidic Drugs from Reservoir Water

Gou

Huang

et al. 2020

Polymers

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“…In the study by Jin et al [30] where a ternary mixed-mode silica SPE sorbent bearing C8 groups, a primary amine and a carboxylic acid was developed, at pH 6 only the basic compounds were retained by ion-exchange mechanisms, whereas the acidic and neutral compounds were retained primarily by hydrophobic interactions.…”

Section: Sample Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of course, there is no chemical reason for why cation-exchange and anion-exchange cannot be combined within a single sorbent material, however this is a relatively unexplored area to date. Thus far, this strategy has been adopted only for silica-based mixed-mode ion-exchange materials for use as either mixed-mode LC stationary phases [28,29] or as mixed-mode SPE sorbents [30]. In the study by Jin et al [30], a ternary mixed-mode silica sorbent bearing C8 groups, a primary amine and a carboxylic acid, was used to retain acidic, neutral and basic compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus far, this strategy has been adopted only for silica-based mixed-mode ion-exchange materials for use as either mixed-mode LC stationary phases [28,29] or as mixed-mode SPE sorbents [30]. In the study by Jin et al [30], a ternary mixed-mode silica sorbent bearing C8 groups, a primary amine and a carboxylic acid, was used to retain acidic, neutral and basic compounds. The results from the latter study showed that electrostatic repulsions and hydrophobic interactions between the sorbent and the analytes influenced the retention behaviour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microporous polymer microspheres with amphoteric character for the solid-phase extraction of acidic and basic analytes

Nadal

Anderson

Dargo

et al. 2020

Journal of Chromatography A

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Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is a widely-used and very well-established sample preparation technique for liquid samples. An area of on-going focus for innovation in this field concerns the development of new and improved SPE sorbents that can enhance the sensitivity and/or the selectivity of SPE processes. In this context, mixed-mode ionexchange sorbents have been developed and commercialised, thereby allowing enhanced capacity and selectivity to be offered by one single material. The ion-selectivity of these materials is such that either anion-exchange or cation-exchange is possible, however one limitation to their use is that more than one sorbent type is required to capture both anions and cations. In this paper, we disclose the design, synthesis and exploitation of a novel SPE sorbent based on microporous polymer microspheres with amphoteric character. We show that it is possible to switch the ion-exchange retention mechanism of the sorbent simply by changing the pH of the loading solution; anion-exchange dominates at low pH, cation-exchange dominates at high pH, and both mechanisms can contribute to retention when the polymer-bound amphoteric species, which are based on the α-amino acid sarcosine (N-methylglycine), are in a zwitterionic state. This is an interesting and useful feature, since it allows distinctly different groups of analytes (acids and bases) to be fractionated using one single amphoteric sorbent with dual-functionality. The sarcosinebased sorbent was applied to the SPE of acidic, basic and amphoteric analytes from ultrapure water, river water and effluent wastewater samples. Under optimised conditions (loading 100 mL of sample at pH 6, washing with 1 mL of MeOH and eluting with an acidic or basic additive in MeOH) the recoveries for most of the compounds were from 57% to 87% for river water and from 61% to 88% for effluent wastewater. We anticipate that these results will lay the basis for the development of a new family of multifunctional sorbents, where two or more separation mechanisms can be embedded within one single, bespoke material optimised for application to challenging chemical separations to give significant selectivity advantages over essentially all other state-of-the-art SPE sorbents.

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Recent advances in mixed‐mode chromatographic stationary phases

Sýkora

Řezanka

Záruba

et al. 2018

J of Separation Science

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Mixed‐mode phases have become very popular in the last decade, and the number of new mixed/multi‐mode sorbents is growing fast. Unlike single‐mode stationary phases, perfectly suited for the separation of the analytes possessing similar physicochemical properties, for instance reversed‐phase chromatography for hydrophobic solutes, mixed‐mode sorbents providing multimodal interactions can render better separation selectivity for complex mixtures of solutes differing significantly in their physicochemical characteristics. The most frequent modern mixed‐mode stationary phases are di/tri‐mode sorbents embracing the following interactions, hydrophobic, electrostatic (coulombic), and hydrophilic. According to their structures, it is possible to distinguish silica‐based, polymer‐based, hybrid, and monolithic mixed‐mode stationary phases. Herewith, newly synthesized mixed‐mode sorbents developed within the last two and half years are categorized, discussed, and summarized. The main attention is devoted to the description of the synthetic routes and characterization methods applied for the new stationary phases.

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Ternary mixed-mode silica sorbent of solid-phase extraction for determination of basic, neutral and acidic drugs in human serum

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Facile Synthesis of Mixed-Mode Weak Anion-Exchange Microspheres via One-Step Pickering Emulsion Polymerization for Efficient Simultaneous Extraction of Strongly and Weakly Acidic Drugs from Reservoir Water

Facile Synthesis of Mixed-Mode Weak Anion-Exchange Microspheres via One-Step Pickering Emulsion Polymerization for Efficient Simultaneous Extraction of Strongly and Weakly Acidic Drugs from Reservoir Water

Microporous polymer microspheres with amphoteric character for the solid-phase extraction of acidic and basic analytes

Recent advances in mixed‐mode chromatographic stationary phases

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