Ternary composite films of natural rubber, cellulose microfiber, and carboxymethyl cellulose for excellent mechanical properties, biodegradability and chemical resistance

Supanakorn, Goragot; Taokaew, Siriporn; Phisalaphong, Muenduen

doi:10.1007/s10570-021-04082-4

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…SCMC (1 g) was dissolved in 100 mL of DI water prior to dispersing 1.2 g of dried CF by ultrasonic processor (450 W, 42% amplitude, Sonic, Bangkok, Thailand) for 3 min according to the previous research [ 12 ]. AgNPs in the form of a solution were added into the mixture of NRL and CF; the solutions of Ag50 and Ag100 contain the solid content of Ag nanoparticles at 2.20 and 2.89% w / w , respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relative intensity was recorded in a step of 0.02°. The XRD data were analyzed by Rietveld analysis [ 12 ]. The crystallinity (%) was obtained by comparing the area under crystalline peaks and the total area.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hybrid filler reinforcement is a fascinating approach to combine the properties of the fillers in the composite. For instance, cellulose fiber and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) is a particularly interesting filler pairing since the NR composited with this combination of fillers exhibits outstanding mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and biodegradability [ 12 ]. Cellulose is a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of β-1,4 linked D-glucose units.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, it has been used as a green filler to achieve pronounced improvement of mechanical properties. To improve compatibility between the hydrophobic NR and the hydrophilic cellulose, the secondary amphiphilic additive, such as sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is required [ 11 , 12 ]. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC), a linear β-1,4 linked D- glucopyranose polymer, is an anionic water-soluble cellulose derivative widely used as a stabilizer in food [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multifunctional Cellulosic Natural Rubber and Silver Nanoparticle Films with Superior Chemical Resistance and Antibacterial Properties

2023

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Composite films of natural rubber/cellulose fiber/silver nanoparticle were synthesized in a green route via the latex solution process. Hybrid cellulose filler containing carboxymethyl cellulose and cellulose microfibers was used to facilitate facile and fast preparation and to improve mechanical strength to the composites, respectively. All the composites possessed a high tensile strength of ~120 MPa, a high heat resistance of nearly 300 °C, and more than 20% biodegradability in soil in two weeks. Chemical resistance and antibacterial activity of the composite was enhanced depending on sizes and concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The composites containing 0.033–0.1% w/w AgNPs retarded toluene uptake to less than 12% throughout 8 h, whereas the composite containing 0.067–0.1% w/w AgNPs exhibited excellent antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In comparison, 50 nm-AgNPs presented higher antibacterial activities than 100 nm-AgNPs. In vitro cytotoxicity test assessed after incubation for 24 h and 48 h revealed that almost all AgNPs-composite films exhibited non/weak and moderate cytotoxicity, respectively, to HaCaT keratinocyte cells.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multifunctional Cellulosic Natural Rubber and Silver Nanoparticle Films with Superior Chemical Resistance and Antibacterial Properties

2023

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“…Their investigation revealed that the percentage weight loss (% weight loss) after burial in the soil for 12 months was noticeably enhanced from ~1% in a pristine NR sample to ~11% in NR composites containing 25 phr of sisal and oil palm fibers [22]. Additionally, Supanakorn et al, showed that NR composites containing cellulose microfibers exhibited substantially enhanced biodegradability as the % weight loss after soil burial for 2 weeks increased from 3% in a pristine NR film to almost 70% in NR composites containing 50 wt.% cellulose microfibers [23]. These examples clearly indicate the advantages of incorporating appropriate bio-fillers into NR composites to enhance their rate of biodegradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Chitosan as Bio-Fillers in Radiation-Vulcanized Natural Rubber Latex and Hybrid Radiation and Peroxide-Vulcanized Natural Rubber Latex: Physical/Mechanical Properties under Thermal Aging and Biodegradability

et al. 2021

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Although natural rubber was regarded as biodegradable, the degradation is a time-consuming process that could take weeks or months for any degradation or substantial weight loss to be observable, resulting in the need for novel processes/methods to accelerate the rubber degradation. As a result, this work investigated the potential utilization of chitosan (CS) as a biodegradation enhancer for radiation-vulcanized natural rubber latex (R-VNRL) and hybrid radiation and peroxide-vulcanized natural rubber latex (RP-VNRL) composites, with varying CS contents (0, 2, 4, or 6 phr). The R-VNRL samples were prepared using 15 kGy gamma irradiation, while the RP-VNRL samples were prepared using a combination of 0.1 phr tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHPO) and 10 kGy gamma irradiation. The properties investigated were biodegradability in the soil and the morphological, chemical, mechanical, and physical properties, both before and after undergoing thermal aging. The results indicated that the biodegradability of both the R-VNRL and RP-VNRL composites was enhanced with the addition of CS, as evidenced by increases in the percentage weight loss (% weight loss) after being buried in soil for 8 weeks from 6.5 ± 0.1% and 6.4 ± 0.1% in a pristine R-VNRL and RP-VNRL samples, respectively, to 10.5 ± 0.1% and 10.2 ± 0.1% in 6-pph CS/R-VNRL and 6-pph CS/RP-VNRL composites, respectively, indicating the biodegradation enhancement of approximately 60%. In addition, the results revealed that the addition of CS could increase the value of tensile modulus by 119%, while decrease the values of tensile strength and elongation at break by 50% and 43%, respectively, in the specimens containing 6-phr CS. In terms of the color appearances, the samples were lighter and yellower after the addition of CS, as evidenced by the noticeably increased L* and b* values, based on the CIE L*a*b* color space system. Furthermore, the investigation into the effects of thermal aging showed that the overall tensile properties for both curing systems were reduced, while varying degrees of color change were observed, with the pristine R-VNRL and RP-VNRL samples having more pronounced degradation/changes for both properties. In conclusion, the overall results suggested that CS had great potential to be applied as a bio-filler in R-VNRL and RP-VNRL composites to effectively promote the biodegradability, environmental friendliness, and resistance to thermal degradation of the composites.

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Preparation and molecular dynamics simulation of 3-isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane-modified sisal microcrystalline cellulose/natural rubber composites

Li,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Cellulose

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Ternary composite films of natural rubber, cellulose microfiber, and carboxymethyl cellulose for excellent mechanical properties, biodegradability and chemical resistance

Cited by 16 publications

References 34 publications

Multifunctional Cellulosic Natural Rubber and Silver Nanoparticle Films with Superior Chemical Resistance and Antibacterial Properties

Multifunctional Cellulosic Natural Rubber and Silver Nanoparticle Films with Superior Chemical Resistance and Antibacterial Properties

Roles of Chitosan as Bio-Fillers in Radiation-Vulcanized Natural Rubber Latex and Hybrid Radiation and Peroxide-Vulcanized Natural Rubber Latex: Physical/Mechanical Properties under Thermal Aging and Biodegradability

Preparation and molecular dynamics simulation of 3-isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane-modified sisal microcrystalline cellulose/natural rubber composites

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