Terminal Ballistics

Rosenberg, Z.; Dekel, E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-25305-8

Cited by 96 publications

(143 citation statements)

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“…The maximum inclination of the bullet was calculated 25°. The effect of obliquity of high hardness armor on shattering behavior of AP projectiles was previously investigated and shown both numerically and experimentally that the projectile broke into two pieces for the obliquities 20°and 30°a nd total shattering to the projectile occurred for obliquities higher than 45° [34]. Therefore, the calculated obliquity itself is not expected to result in shattering of the bullet and tip erosion may be considered as the secondary mechanism to explain total shattering evidences found on the base plate as shown in Fig.…”

Section: à2mentioning

confidence: 98%

Ballistic behavior of high hardness perforated armor plates against 7.62mm armor piercing projectile

et al. 2014

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a b s t r a c tIn this paper, some of the important defeating mechanisms of the high hardness perforated plates against 7.62 Â 54 armor piercing ammunition were investigated. The experimental and numerical results identified three defeating mechanisms effective on perforated armor plates which are the asymmetric forces deviates the bullet from its incident trajectory, the bullet core fracture and the bullet core nose erosion. The initial tests were performed on the monolithic armor plates of 9 and 20 mm thickness to verify the fidelity of the simulation and material model parameters. The stochastic nature of the ballistic tests on perforated armor plates was analyzed based on the bullet impact zone with respect to holes. Various scenarios including without and with bullet failure models were further investigated to determine the mechanisms of the bullet failure. The agreement between numerical and experimental results had significantly increased with including the bullet failure criterion and the bullet nose erosion threshold into the simulation. As shown in results, good agreement between Ls-Dyna simulations and experimental data was achieved and the defeating mechanism of perforated plates was clearly demonstrated.

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Section: à2mentioning

confidence: 98%

Ballistic behavior of high hardness perforated armor plates against 7.62mm armor piercing projectile

et al. 2014

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“…Although investigations show that friction can be negligible in some cases [45], the frictional effect can influence the solution in other cases like in this study where the impact velocity is low. According to Rosenberg and Dekel [22] friction is still one of the less understood phenomena in terminal ballistics and they report that the friction present around the shank of a cylindrical projectile is small but not always insignificant.…”

Section: Parametric Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-velocity impact on multi-layered dual-phase steel plates

Holmen

Hopperstad

Børvik

2015

International Journal of Impact Engineering

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In this paper an experimental program investigating the behavior of monolithic and multi-layered configurations of 0.8 mm and 1.8 mm medium-strength steel plates is presented. We have considered impacts by blunt-ended and ogival-ended impactors in the low-velocity regime (≤ 16 m/s). Experimental outputs include measurements of force and velocity, and deformation fields. Force and velocity readings were provided by a strain-gauge instrumented striker, while digital image correlation was used to obtain the displacement field from the rear side of the bottom plate. For the 0.8 mm plates a near linear relationship between the number of layers and the ballistic limit velocity was found. The plates' resistance against perforation was found to be higher for the blunt-ended impactor than for the ogival-ended impactor. This can be explained by the failure mechanisms. The monolithic plates have a higher capacity than layered plates with the same total thickness: this is particularly clear for plates struck by the ogival-ended impactor. The experiments provide ample data to validate the subsequent 3D numerical simulations. The analysis model is double-symmetric in simulations using the ogival-ended impactor, while only a 10 • slice of the plate and impactor is needed in simulations using the blunt-ended impactor. A thermoelastic-thermoviscoplastic constitutive relation combined with the Cockcroft-Latham criterion for failure is implemented in IMPETUS Afea Solver, and used in all simulations. The simulations predict the failure modes fairly well, and the numerical results are within the range seen in previous publications. Sensitivity studies regarding friction, mesh refinement, thermal formulation and strain-rate dependence are conducted and discussed.

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“…Therefore metals of high tensile, hardness, and ductility were numerously proposed as a ballistic protection plate [1][2][3][4][5]. Based on mechanics of projectile impact, the penetration of bullets depends on many factors that occur over three phases namely the initial impact phase, stress propagation phase, and fracture initiation phase [6]. During initial impact phase, the projectile kinetic energy is converted in impact energy on the surface or steel plate [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The massive force that acts on the plate can be reduced by increasing the hardness of the plate [8]. Once the hardness of the plate is higher than projectile tips, the projectile will shatter and kinetic energy of bullet would be reduced proportionally to its mass [6]. Development of hard protection plate goes back in the 1980s prior to its contribution to penetration resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties and microstructures of steel panels for laminated composites in armoured vehicles

Jamil

Aripin

Sajuri³

et al. 2016

Int. J. Automot. Mech. Eng.

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This paper present the study about the mechanical properties of two high strength low alloy steels for replacing the current rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) for ballistic application. High strength low alloy steel has been widely adapted as a ballistic plate in light armoured vehicle. However, the current used RHA plate is very heavy thus restricted the manoeuvrability of the armoured vehicle. The aim of this study is to find materials suitable to be used for production of composite protection panel which is lighter yet has similar mechanical properties to RHA. The tensile strength and hardness of AISI 4340 and AR500 steels were evaluated and compared to that of RHA and the results were analysed based on its chemical compositions and microstructural observation. Values of these properties are primarily reflected by its microstructures and chemical compositions. Therefore, microscopic observation of microstructural arrangement and phases are essential in understanding the hardness and stress-strain behaviour of these metals. Results indicate similar tensile properties were observed in RHA and AR500 but different properties obtained for AISI 4340. Tensile strength of RHA and AR500 were 1750 MPa and 1740 MPa respectively followed by AISI 4340 at 1020 MPa. AISI 4340 steel exhibited the highest elongation at 20.6% compared to RHA and AR500 at 13.3 and 12.5%, respectively. Higher degree of carbon content in fine martensitic structure of RHA and AR500 led to high hardness. Imperfections in RHA and AR500 were also removed by hot rolling process as indicated by white banding that cause higher in tensile strength. Retained austenite and coarse microstructure of AISI 4340 steel contributed to higher ductility compared to AR500 and RHA. Therefore the tensile properties of RHA and AR500 were found similar due to its microstructure behaviour. This similarity allows AR500 to be utilised as alternatives to RHA in armour plate application.

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Terminal Ballistics

Abstract: The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Cited by 96 publications

References 0 publications

Ballistic behavior of high hardness perforated armor plates against 7.62mm armor piercing projectile

Ballistic behavior of high hardness perforated armor plates against 7.62mm armor piercing projectile

Low-velocity impact on multi-layered dual-phase steel plates

Mechanical properties and microstructures of steel panels for laminated composites in armoured vehicles

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