Termiczne pory roku w Szymbarku ( 1968–2013 )

Abstract

: The article contains an analysis of the duration and the dates of the start of thermal seasons of the year, distinguished on the basis of the average daily air temperature at the Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Research Station at Szymbark over a period of 46 years . To determine the initial dates of thermal seasons a method proposed by Makowiec ( 1983 ) was used. According to this method, the year was divided into eight thermal seasons, with temperature threshold values : 0, 5, 10 and 15 °C. The classification by Makowiec is based on the growth or fall of cumulative ranks of air temperature diminished by the temperature threshold value for a particular season. The determination of the initial dates enabled the calculation of the length of the seasons. The long-term analysis involved also the tendencies of length and changes of the initial date of a given season. The location of the meteorological station enables to expand the area of the interpretation of results into the borderland of the Beskid Niski Mts and the Carpathian Foothills. A high variability of the dates of the start and the duration of seasons was observed. The trends of duration and starting dates are multidirectional. The longest season is summer ( 89 days ), which starts increasingly earlier and lasts increasingly longer. An increase in duration also refers to pre-spring and autumn. Increasingly shorter winters and springs were also observed within the multi-year period.

Floods in a Mountain Stream of the Western Carpathians (Se Poland)

“…Clearly shown is a decresed trend in duration of snowmelt floods, which is a result of decreasing precipitation totals in the form of snow and sublimation from the snow cover. Over the last several years, a rapid increase in air temperature has been observed in the days following the turn of winter into spring, which results in a shorter duration thermally of early spring [12]. The remaining snow cover undergoes the sublimation process, thus the volume of melt water is limited.…”

Variability in the occurrence of thermal seasons in Poland in 1961–2020

“…In Poland, a number of studies have been published dealing with thermal seasons for the whole country (Romer, 1938; Bartnicki, 1948; Gumiński, 1948; Czernecki & Miętus, 2010, 2017; Kitowski et al, 2019; Lorenc, 2005; Niedźwiedź & Limanówka, 1992; Tomczyk & Bednorz, 2022; Warszawski, 1971; Wiszniewski, 1960) or individual regions: SE Poland (Gumiński, 1950), in the Tatra Mountain (Hess, 1965); North Poland (Nowak, 1967), the Karkonosze Mountain (Ustrnul, 1986); the Świętokrzyskie Mountain (Olszewski & Jarząb, 1996), SE Poland (Skowera & Kopeć, 2008), the Pieniny Mountain (Łepko et al, 2011), East Poland (Radzka, 2015), the Baltic Sea coast (Tylkowski, 2015), as well as places: Puławy (Mitosek, 1961), Rabka Zdrój (Trybowska, 1963), Katowice (Rozkosz, 1986), Lublin (Nowosad & Filipiuk, 1998), Warszawa (Kossowska‐Cezak, 2005; Majewski & Przewoźniczuk, 2014), Poznań (Woś, 2006), Zamość (Samborski & Bednarczuk, 2009) and Szymbark (Bochenek, 2016). The works by Romer (1906), Merecki (1915), Gumiński (1950), Wiszniewski (1960), Mitosek (1961), Makowiec (1983), Nowosad and Filipiuk (1998), Piotrowicz (2002) and Bartoszek et al (2012) provide an overview of methods for distinguishing thermal periods.…”