Termicidal Activity and Chemical Components of Wood Vinegar from Nipah Fruit against Coptotermes curvignathus

Subterranean termite attacks on cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi) seedling roots were widespread in several of Java's Perum Perhutani Forest Management Units. This attack was suspected to be related to the chemical components of the cajunput seedling roots. This study was conducted to determine the bioactivity of cajuput seedling root extract as an attractant for the subterranean termite Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). The extraction process was performed according to ASTM D1108-96, and the extract was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Bioactivity testing of the extracts was carried out using attractiveness and no-choice feeding bioassays. The results showed that the average root extraction yield from cajunput seedlings was 4.94%. The attractiveness of the extract solutions at concentrations of 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00% were 45.33%, 62.00%, and 74.67%, respectively. The mortality rate of C. curvignathus termites ranged from 9.63% to 24.44%. Cajuput seedling root extract's lethal concentration 50 was 2.45% (non-toxic). GC-MS analysis showed that the extract contained linoleic acid, which has the potential to attract insects.

“…4 shows that the greater the concentration, the more termites died. (Arsyad et al, 2020;Oramahi et al, 2022;Suprianto et al, 2023).…”

Section: Mortality Of Subterranean Termitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactivity of Cajuput Seedling n-Hexane Extract as an Attractant for Subterranean Termite Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

ARINANA,

DHARMA,

SARI

et al. 2024

“…Plant products have been used as insecticides, insect repellents, antifeedants, as well as growth and development regulators for insects (Adfa et al, 2020;Ella Nkogo et al, 2022;El-Wakeil, 2013;Hadi et al, 2020;Isman, 2020;Oramahi et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Termite Activity of Azadirachta excelsa Seed Kernel and Its Isolated Compound against Coptotermes curvignathus

Adfa¹,

Wiradimafan²,

PRATAMA³

et al. 2023

Azadirachta excelsa, is a plant belonging to the same genus as Indian neem (Azadirachta indica), and its use as a pesticide is reported by few studies. Despite being a different species, it is expected to have the same biopesticide potential as A. indica. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the anti-termite activity of n-hexane and methanol extracts of A. excelsa seed kernel at various concentrations against Coptotermes curvignathus. The methanol extract demonstrated greater termicidal activity than n-hexane at doses test of 2%, 4%, and 8%. It also showed 100% termite mortality on the third day of administering the 8% dose. According to the gas chromatography with mass spectrometry data, the putative main components of the n-hexane extract were hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (18.99%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-(16.31%), and 9-octadecenal (16.23%). In contrast, the principal constituents of methanol extract were patchouli alcohol (28.1%), delta-guaiene (15.15%), and alpha-guaiene (11.93%). Furthermore, limonoids profiling of A. excelsa methanol extract was determined using Ultrahighperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. The number of limonoids identified tentatively was fifteen, such as 6-deacetylnimbin, nimbolidin C, nimbolide, 6-acetylnimbandiol, 6-deacetylnimbinene, salannol, 28-deoxonimbolide, gedunin, nimbandiol, epoxyazadiradione, azadirone, 2',3'-dihydrosalannin, marrangin, nimbocinol, and azadirachtin. They were the same as those reported in the seed and leaves of A. indica, but its largest component in A. excelsa was 6-deacetylnimbin. As a result, the presence of these compounds may be responsible for the anti-termite activity of A. excelsa seed kernel extract. Additionally, column chromatography of methanol extract yielded 6-deacetylnimbin, which was found to be antifeedant and termiticide against C. curvignathus.

“…Termites are wood-eating pests (Arinana et al, 2022;Su and Scheffrahn, 2000). Since termites damage wooden buildings, many studies have been conducted to control them in various ways (Adfa et al, 2020(Adfa et al, , 2023Arsyad et al, 2020;Cahyono et al, 2020;Ella Nkogo et al, 2022;Im and Han, 2020;Lee et al, 2020;Oramahi et al, 2022;Priadi et al, 2023). However, they also serve as ecological suppliers providing various nu-trients, including nitrogen compounds (Govorushko, 2019;Lobry de Bruyn and Conacher, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Low-Temperature Enzymatic Reactions through Heterologous Expression and Functional Analysis of Two Beta-Glucosidases from the Termite Symbiotic Bacterium Elizabethkingia miricola Strain BM10

LEE,

KIM

2023

Lower termites need symbiotic microbes for cellulose digestion. Elizabethkingia miricola strain BM10 has been proposed as a symbiotic microbe that assists in low-temperature digestion and metabolism of Reticulitermes speratus KMT1, a termite on Bukhan Mountain, Seoul, Korea. In E. miricola strain BM10, β-glucosidase genes expressed at 10℃ were identified, and the psychrophilic enzymatic characteristic was confirmed by heterogeneously expressed proteins. Crude β-glucosidase in the culture broth of E. miricola strain BM10 showed specific enzymatic properties, and its substrate affinity was 4.69 times higher than that of Cellic CTec2. Among the genes proposed as β-glucosidase, two genes, bglB_1 and bglA_2, whose gene expression was more than doubled at 10℃ than at 30℃, were identified. They were heterogeneously expressed in Escherichia coli and identified as psychrophilic enzymes with an optimal reaction temperature of about 20℃-25℃. In this study, E. miricola strain BM10, a symbiotic bacterium of lower termites, produced psychrophilic β-glucosidases that contribute to the spread of the low-temperature habitat of a lower termite, R. speratus KMT1.