Teratologic evaluation of synthetic Δ<sup>9</sup>‐tetrahydrocannabinol in rats

Banerjee, B. N.; Galbreath, C.; Sofia, R. D.

doi:10.1002/tera.1420110112

Cited by 32 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The finding that cannabis did not have a significant effect in terms of altering either pregestational or gestational weight gain has been noted by others following chronic inhalation (Fried, 1976a;Rosenkrant7 & Braude, 1974). Decreases in maternal weight gain using other modes of administration have been reported previously, but typically at dose levels of A9-THC, considerably greater than that used in the present work (Banerjee et al, 1975;Borgen et al, 1973;Pace, Davis, & Borgen, 1971). Whereas the reduced birth weight in the low-protein conditions has been reported elsewhere (Ottinger & Tanabe, 1968;Smart & Dobbing, 197 l), the finding that rats that received cannabis and either standard or enriched diets did not produce pups of a smaller size is noteworthy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Interactive effects of nutrition and cannabis upon rat perinatal development

Charlebois

Fried

1980

Developmental Psychobiology

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In order to examine the effects of cannabinoids, malnutrition, and their possible interaction upon the developing rat fetus, female Wistar rats were exposed to cannabis smoke, placebo smoke, or no smoke while concurrently consuming 1 of 3 diets differing in protein concentration (8%, 24%, 64%). Both the diet and drug treatments were administered 20 days prior to and throughout gestation. Of the 12 variables affected by the low-protein diet, 8 were significantly potentiated when undernutrition was combined with cannabis treatment. Some dependent variables that were not altered either by the low-protein diet or by cannabis inhalation were affected by the combination of treatments. These included a lengthened gestation period, an increase in occurrence of stillbirths and litter destruction, and decreased activity in the rat pups. Cannabis coupled with a standard protein diet resulted in a number of developmental indices being delayed but combining the drug with an enriched protein diet ameliorated these effects. The evidence also suggests that the administration of cannabis both before and during gestation resulted in a degree of tolerance to some aspects of the drug effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Interactive effects of nutrition and cannabis upon rat perinatal development

Charlebois

Fried

1980

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…Crude preparations of cannabis have been found to be highly teratogenic in rats (Persaud and Ellington, 1968) and hamsters and rabbits (Geber and Schramm, 1969). However, several investigations have revealed that A 9 -THC does not cause any significant damage to the offspring of rats Borgen et al, 1971;Banerjee et al, 1975) and mice (Fleischmann et al, 1975). On the other hand, high frequencies of cleft palate in the offspring of Swiss Webster mice have been induced by a dose of 300 mg/kg A 9 -THC administered on gestational day 12 or 14 (Mantilla-Plata et al, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Δ⁹‐tetrahydrocannabinol on hamster fetuses

1977

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health

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Pregnant golden Syrian hamsters were given single or multiple intragastric doses of 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol ( 9 -THC) dissolved in olive oil. Dose levels of 125, 250, or 500 mg/kg were administered by gavage once during gestational days 7-12 and of 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg daily on days 7-10, 9-12, or 7-12 in the two experimental series. Untreated and vehicle-injected controls were used for each series. All fetuses were examined on day 15 of gestation. Larger doses of 9 -THC induced a high frequency of fetal mortality and growth retardation. Vehicle-injected controls showed up to 3% fetuses with external anomalies and several 9 -THC treated samples had higher frequencies, ranging up to 7%, but a majority of the samples did not show any statistical difference between the 9 -THC treated and corresponding control groups. However, a single dose of 500 mg/kg 9 -THC given on day 10 and four daily doses of 100 mg/kg 9 -THC on days 7-10 produced significantly higher frequencies (p < 0.05) of external anomalies, 5.36% and 4.17%, respectively, than their corresponding controls. Most of the defects were relatively minor in severity. In general, hamsters appeared to be relatively resistant to the teratogenic effects of pure 9 -THC, in contrast to the previously reported high teratogenicity by crude cannabis extract in this species. It is likely that the latter effect was not due to the action of 9 -THC but may have been the result either of interaction of various cannabinoids or of impurities in the crude preparations. In view of the data presented, it can be concluded that 9 -THC did not induce a clear-cut teratogenic response in hamsters, although a slightly higher frequency of minor defects was observed in the fetuses from 9 -THC treated dams than in the controls.

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“…Le Δ 9 -THC n'est pas tératogène chez le rat [59,64], le hamster [65] et le lapin [50,51,66]. Chez le singe rhésus, des injections de Δ 9 -THC à la dose de 2,5 mg/kg par jour à différents stades de la gestation entraînent des avortements dans les jours qui suivent [52].…”

Section: Cannabisunclassified

Alcool, tabac et cannabis : revue des études de tératogenèse chez l'animal

Spézia¹

2006

Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité

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Teratologic evaluation of synthetic Δ⁹‐tetrahydrocannabinol in rats

Cited by 32 publications

References 8 publications

Interactive effects of nutrition and cannabis upon rat perinatal development

Interactive effects of nutrition and cannabis upon rat perinatal development

Effects of Δ⁹‐tetrahydrocannabinol on hamster fetuses

Alcool, tabac et cannabis : revue des études de tératogenèse chez l'animal

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Teratologic evaluation of synthetic Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol in rats

Cited by 32 publications

References 8 publications

Interactive effects of nutrition and cannabis upon rat perinatal development

Interactive effects of nutrition and cannabis upon rat perinatal development

Effects of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol on hamster fetuses

Alcool, tabac et cannabis : revue des études de tératogenèse chez l'animal

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Teratologic evaluation of synthetic Δ⁹‐tetrahydrocannabinol in rats

Effects of Δ⁹‐tetrahydrocannabinol on hamster fetuses