Teratogenic Effects of Magnesium Deficiency in Rats

Hurley, Lucille S.; Cosens, Gladys; Theriault, Linda L.

doi:10.1093/jn/106.9.1254

Cited by 37 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Indeed, its absence during gestation has been shown to be teratogenic in a variety of animals [18][19][20][21][22]. In rats, Hurley et al [20] demonstrated that a severely magnesium-deficient diet (!0.8% of normal) during gestation resulted in a significantly higher mortality rate and incidence of gross malformation in surviving pups. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that the higher mortality rate was associated with an increased incidence of fetal resorptions [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational Magnesium Deficiency Is Deleterious to Fetal Outcome

Almonte

Heath²,

Whitehall³

et al. 1999

Neonatology

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A number of recent epidemiological findings have implicated magnesium as being essential to fetal well-being. Few studies, however, have examined the relationship between maternal requirements for dietary magnesium and subsequent mortality and morbidity in offspring. The present study uses a rodent model of dietary-induced hypomagnesemia to investigate the effects of magnesium deficiency prior to and during gestation on neonatal morbidity and mortality. Magnesium deficiency during gestation significantly increased neonatal mortality and morbidity. Such increases were associated with a reduced free magnesium concentration in both maternal and offspring blood and an increased incidence of periventricular hemorrhage and edema in newborn pups as observed by magnetic resonance imaging and histology. Animals fed a magnesium-deficient diet before mating but given magnesium supplementation during gestation did not demonstrate a significant change in neonatal mortality and morbidity when compared to control animals. The significant improvement in fetal outcome with dietary magnesium supports the concept of magnesium supplementation during pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational Magnesium Deficiency Is Deleterious to Fetal Outcome

Almonte

Heath²,

Whitehall³

et al. 1999

Neonatology

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“…A diet severely deficient in 7 magnesium given from the 6th to the 14th day of pregnancy produced fetal death and resorption or gross congenital malformations (11). A diet less severely deficient in magnesium fed throughout pregnancy also produced congenital malformations and some resorptions.…”

Section: Speculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium Deficiency Anemia in the Rat Fetus

et al. 1977

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“…This is sur prising because it is well known that there are marked perturbations of mineral metab olism in diabetes [12], In streptozocin-diabetic rats, Lau and Failla [13] found high excretions of Zn, Cu, and Fe, and abnormal trace element metabolism (Zn, Mn, Mg, Cu, Fe) has been found in pregnant diabetic rats and their fetuses [6]. It is also known that deficiency of essential minerals, such as Zn [14], Mn [14], and Mg [15,16], can cause congenital malformation or severe embryo pathy in laboratory animals. A dearth of Zn in the fetuses of diabetic rats, correlated with an accumulation of Zn in the liver of the dam, has been found recently [ 17] and it has been suggested that this dearth might be per missive for congenital malformations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Malformations in Offspring of Diabetic Rats: Experimental Study on the Influence of the Diet Composition and Magnesium Intake

Giavini¹,

Roversi²

1990

Neonatology

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In spite of improvements in the treatment of diabetes, the risk of congenital malformations in diabetic pregnancy is three to four times higher than in normal pregnancy. This might be due to the metabolic abnormalities of diabetic pregnancy that also affect mineral metabolism. Since diabetes can lower both maternal and fetal blood Mg levels, and Mg deficiency has been shown to be teratogenic in laboratory animals, we decided to investigate which effects Mg deficiency would have in inducing embryopathy in diabetic animals. Female CD rats were divided into six groups. Groups 1 and 2 were fed a standard diet (Mg content 4,200 ppm), groups 3–6 a purified diet (Mg contents 4,200, 500, 250, or 125 ppm). Groups 2–6 had been made diabetic by an intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg streptozocin 1 week before mating. The rats were killed on day 21 of pregnancy, and the live fetuses were examined for external, skeletal, and visceral malformations. The maternal and fetal blood glucose levels were the same in all diabetic groups. The maternal Mg levels in groups 2 and 3 were the same as in controls, but definitely lower in groups 4–6. Embryotoxicity (embryonic deaths, delayed development, congenital malformations) was higher in the groups fed the purified diet than in group 2, but without a clear relation to the dietary Mg levels. We cannot draw any conclusions about the effects of Mg deficiency in diabetic pregnancy from our results, but they show that the quality of the diet is of major importance in the manifestation of embryotoxicity in diabetes.

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Teratogenic Effects of Magnesium Deficiency in Rats

Cited by 37 publications

References 3 publications

Gestational Magnesium Deficiency Is Deleterious to Fetal Outcome

Gestational Magnesium Deficiency Is Deleterious to Fetal Outcome

Magnesium Deficiency Anemia in the Rat Fetus

Congenital Malformations in Offspring of Diabetic Rats: Experimental Study on the Influence of the Diet Composition and Magnesium Intake

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