Terapi Spiritual Terhadap Kecemasan Dan Depresi Pada Pasien Hemodialisis : Literatur Review

Abstract

In the end-stage renal disease of CKD, the patients should be hemodialysis to stabilize the state of the kidney function. Increased psychological problems such as anxiety and depression resulting from CKD complications and the consequences of hemodialysis programs performed on patients. It is important for nurses to provide psychological support to patients. The application of complementary therapies such as spiritual therapy is essential. The purpose of this study was to explore various forms of spiritual therapy in hemodialysis for anxiety and depression. This study used electronic database were identified from MEDLINE, CINAHL, Proquest, and GARUDA. The criteria of the paper in this study are : articles published at 2012 – 2020, full text, the article using English or Bahasa Indonesia, and the method of study using experimental study. We extracted 6 intervention studies and critical analyzes used PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome) method. After applying spiritual therapy, several studies resulted in average scores of anxiety and depression that decreased in the intervention group, including Self Paced Therapy, Prayer, Dhikr, Murotal Holy Quran and Spiritual Counseling. In addition, this therapy also has a positive impact on some aspects of the patient's life include the physical and social relationships. Based on the analysis of the results some studies on CKD patients with hemodialysis therapy for anxiety and depression experienced the results obtained that spiritual therapy like include self-paced, prayer and dhikr therapy, and spiritual counselling can decrease anxiety and depression.

The Effectiveness of Spiritual Therapy in Reducing the Anxiety Level of Preoperative Patients

“…This process will cause stimulation in the hypothalamus to decrease the production of CRF (Corticotropin-Releasing Factor), further stimulating the anterior pituitary gland to reduce the production of ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone). This hormone will stimulate the adrenal cortex to lower the secretion of cortisol which will suppress the immune system, thereby reducing the level of anxiety and depression (11,12) Spiritual belief in religion is fundamental in human life because it can affect lifestyle, habits, and feelings of pain (13). Islamic spiritual acts such as prayer and dzikir are expressions of the behavioral dimension.…”

“…Islamic spiritual acts such as prayer and dzikir are expressions of the behavioral dimension. Adults who face life problems and experience stressful situations often use prayer and dhikr to overcome their concerns (11). Dzikir is an intervention that nurses can use to meet basic human needs, especially in pre and post-operative patients with anxiety problems, whereby doing dzikir to Allah SWT in a not-too-long period will provide calm to psychiatric (psychic) conditions (14).…”

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“…Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is the development of the recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture to deal with the vanishing gradient problem [12], where the slope of the loss function decreases exponentially when processing long sequential data. This problem causes the RNN to fail to capture longterm dependencies so that it can reduce prediction performance [13].…”

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