Terahertz Technology

Rostami, Ali; Rasooli, H.; Baghban, Hamed

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-15793-6

Cited by 48 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…There exists a large variety of traditional deeply cooled mm and sub−mm wavelength detectors (mainly bolometers) as well as new propositions based on optoelectronic quantum devices [20], carbon nanotube bolometers, plasma wave detection by field effect transistors, and hot electron room temperature bipolar semiconductor bolometers [23,24].…”

Section: Trends In Developments Of Thz Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, series problem of photoconductors operated at low temperature is nonuni− formity of detector element due to recombination mecha− nisms at the electrical contacts and its dependence on electrical bias. Recently, interfacial workfunction internal photoemis− sion (IWIP) detectors [88] and quantum well [89] and quan− tum dot detectors [20], which can be included to extrinsic photoconductors, have been proposed as THz sensors. The very fast time response of quantum well and quantum dot semiconductor detectors make them attractive for THz hete− rodyne detection and THz free space communications.…”

Section: Dember Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Terahertz detectors and focal plane arrays

Rogalski

Сизов

2011

Opto-Electronics Review

318

225

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Terahertz (THz) technology is one of emerging technologies that will change our life. A lot of attractive applications in security, medicine, biology, astronomy, and non-destructive materials testing have been demonstrated already. However, the realization of THz emitters and receivers is a challenge because the frequencies are too high for conventional electronics and the photon energies are too small for classical optics. As a result, THz radiation is resistant to the techniques commonly employed in these well established neighbouring bands.In the paper, issues associated with the development and exploitation of THz radiation detectors and focal plane arrays are discussed. Historical impressive progress in THz detector sensitivity in a period of more than half century is analyzed. More attention is put on the basic physical phenomena and the recent progress in both direct and heterodyne detectors. After short description of general classification of THz detectors, more details concern Schottky barrier diodes, pair braking detectors, hot electron mixers and field-effect transistor detectors, where links between THz devices and modern technologies such as micromachining are underlined. Also, the operational conditions of THz detectors and their upper performance limits are reviewed. Finally, recent advances in novel nanoelectronic materials and technologies are described. It is expected that applications of nanoscale materials and devices will open the door for further performance improvement in THz detectors.

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Section: Trends In Developments Of Thz Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dember Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz detectors and focal plane arrays

Rogalski

Сизов

2011

Opto-Electronics Review

318

225

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“…There is a large variety of traditional deeply cooled mm and sub−mm wavelength detectors (mainly bolometers) as well as new propositions based on optoelectronic quantum de− vices [9], carbon nanotube bolometers, plasma wave detec− tion by field effect transistors, and hot electron room tem− perature bipolar semiconductor bolometers [10,11]. Espe− cially astronomy has greatly benefited from the advances in semiconductor technology over the past few decades.…”

Section: Trends In Developments Of Far-infrared Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semiconductor detectors and focal plane arrays for far-infrared imaging

Rogalski

2013

Opto-Electronics Review

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The detection of far-infrared (far-IR) and sub-mm-wave radiation is resistant to the commonly employed techniques in the neighbouring microwave and IR frequency bands. In this wavelength detection range the use of solid state detectors has been hampered for the reasons of transit time of charge carriers being larger than the time of one oscillation period of radiation. Also the energy of radiation quanta is substantially smaller than the thermal energy at room temperature and even liquid nitrogen temperature. The realization of terahertz (THz) emitters and receivers is a challenge because the frequencies are too high for conventional electronics and the photon energies are too small for classical optics.Development of semiconductor focal plane arrays started in seventies last century and has revolutionized imaging systems in the next decades. This paper presents progress in far-IR and sub-mm-wave semiconductor detector technology of focal plane arrays during the past twenty years. Special attention is given on recent progress in the detector technologies for real-time uncooled THz focal plane arrays such as Schottky barrier arrays, field-effect transistor detectors, and microbolometers. Also cryogenically cooled silicon and germanium extrinsic photoconductor arrays, and semiconductor bolometer arrays are considered.

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“…Very efficient THz spectroscopy systems on the basis of femtosecond Ti:sapphire lasers were demonstrated and used for scientific applications in many research fields such as spectroscopy [1][2][3][4] , THz imaging 3-5 , nondestructive testing, or security applications [3][4][5] . Nonionizing nature and weak scattering of THz radiation in fine-dispersed media makes it very attractive also for application in biology and medicine [2][3][4] . However, though being extremely powerful, this technology has not been implemented into mass applications due to its enormous complexity and price.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Nonlinear Interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation With Space Charge in Vacuum Electronic Devices

Makaryan

Haroyan

Sahakyan

et al. 2012

Int. J. Mod. Phys. Conf. Ser.

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The nonlinear interaction of electromagnetic radiation in microwave, terahertz, and optical regions with non-uniformly distributed space charge in the interelectrode space of vacuum devices is investigated. The detection of electromagnetic radiation in the vacuum electronic tubes (diode and triode) with parallel plate electrodes is experimentally demonstrated. The dependence of the detected signal on the incident radiation power, direction of wave polarization, current characteristics and frequency of modulating signal has been investigated. The equation of motion of an electron in the field of electromagnetic wave in the presence of space charge was obtained, according to which, the detection is due to nonlinearity associated with the non-uniform distribution of electrons along the electrostatic field direction. The measured detection characteristics are in reasonable agreement with theoretical estimates.

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Terahertz Technology

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

Terahertz detectors and focal plane arrays

Terahertz detectors and focal plane arrays

Semiconductor detectors and focal plane arrays for far-infrared imaging

Investigation of Nonlinear Interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation With Space Charge in Vacuum Electronic Devices

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