Terahertz detectors and focal plane arrays

Abstract

Terahertz (THz) technology is one of emerging technologies that will change our life. A lot of attractive applications in security, medicine, biology, astronomy, and non-destructive materials testing have been demonstrated already. However, the realization of THz emitters and receivers is a challenge because the frequencies are too high for conventional electronics and the photon energies are too small for classical optics. As a result, THz radiation is resistant to the techniques commonly employed in these well established neighbouring bands.In the paper, issues associated with the development and exploitation of THz radiation detectors and focal plane arrays are discussed. Historical impressive progress in THz detector sensitivity in a period of more than half century is analyzed. More attention is put on the basic physical phenomena and the recent progress in both direct and heterodyne detectors. After short description of general classification of THz detectors, more details concern Schottky barrier diodes, pair braking detectors, hot electron mixers and field-effect transistor detectors, where links between THz devices and modern technologies such as micromachining are underlined. Also, the operational conditions of THz detectors and their upper performance limits are reviewed. Finally, recent advances in novel nanoelectronic materials and technologies are described. It is expected that applications of nanoscale materials and devices will open the door for further performance improvement in THz detectors.

Patch antenna terahertz photodetectors

“…Optoelectronic devices that operate in the terahertz (THz) frequency range (0.1-10 THz) have been receiving growing attention from many independent fields. 1,2 While the development of efficient sources has been particularly underpinned by recent advances in THz quantum cascade lasers, [3][4][5] on the detection side there is no dominant solution and therefore different approaches are still explored 6 such as thermal detectors (pyroelectric crystals, semiconductor, and hot electron bolometers 7 ) and photoconductive detectors. THz Quantum Well Infrared Photo-detectors (QWIP) have been shown to be a valid solution to the demand of fast and high sensitive detection.…”

Электрические и тепловые свойства фотопроводящих антенн на основе In-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Ga-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-As (x>0.3) с метаморфным буферным слоем для генерации терагерцового излучения

“…Фотопроводящие антенны (ФА, PCA) на основе полу-проводников GaAs и InGaAs являются перспективными источниками импульсного и непрерывного излучения терагерцового (ТГц) диапазона частот [1]. При облу-чении активной области ФА оптическим излучением в фотопроводящем слое антенны рождаются неравно-весные (фотовозбужденные) носители заряда, которые впоследствии разделяются и ускоряются приложенным к контактным электродам ФА электрическим полем.…”

Segmentation of Confocal Raman Microspectroscopic Imaging Data Using Edge-Preserving Denoising and Clustering

“…FPA detectors are available for the near and mid-infrared wavelength region and allow parallel acquisition of spectra that significantly reduces the acquisition time. Although the term FPA includes also one-dimensional ("linear") arrays, it is mostly used to describe two-dimensional (2D) detector arrays [19].…”