“…Over the past 20 years, the peak dynamic range (DNR) of photonic systems experienced dramatic improvement, reaching more than 100 dB and enabling several potential commercial applications. These include high resolution thickness measurements, 3,4 photonic vector network analysis (VNA), 5,6 photonic spectrum analyzers, 7 and many more. In many modern photonic systems, the conversion of the optical signal to the terahertz wave is performed by semiconductors called photoconductors.…”