Terahertz imaging of sub-wavelength particles with Zenneck surface waves

Navarro‐Cía, Miguel; Natrella, Michele; Dominec, Filip; Delagnes, Jean-Christophe; Kužel, Petr; Mounaix, Patrick; Graham, Christopher; Renaud, Cyril C.; Seeds, A.J.; Mitrofanov, Oleg

doi:10.1063/1.4836195

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…These results account for the possibility to exploit our particles for efficient light manipulation from near‐UV up to near‐infrared frequencies, confirming the relevance of these spherical Titania‐based resonators so far limited to terahertz frequencies . The resonances found in experiments fairly agree with a very simple, analytical model for isolated perfect spheres predicting a red‐shift of the resonances and the appearance of multiple peaks at shorter wavelength featuring higher Q factors, when the radius increases.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Titania‐Based Spherical Mie Resonators Elaborated by High‐Throughput Aerosol Spray: Single Object Investigation

Checcucci

Bottein

Claude

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

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The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10. 1002/adfm.201801958. tives to replace complex and bulky optical elements. This unique ability is due to strong modifications of the local density of optical states occurring in sub-micrometric objects made of materials featuring high dielectric constant and sufficiently small absorption losses.Most studies over the last years have mainly addressed silicon- [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and germanium-based [11][12][13][14] Mie resonators, demonstrating that they could outperform their metallic counterpart supporting localized plasmonic resonances. However, the large absorption of group IV semiconductor compounds at short wavelengths induces strong optical losses, limiting their potential applicability as efficient devices especially at blue and near-UV frequencies [15,16] (e.g. at 450 nm: n Si = 4.5, k Si = 0.13; n Ge = 4.0, k Ge = 2.24). Furthermore, with a few exception based on colloids [4,17,18] and solid state dewetting, [13,[19][20][21][22][23] typical nanofabrication methods of Si(Ge)-based Mie resonators rely on top-down technologies that are not easy to scale-up at affordable prices.TiO 2 -based optical devices are an interesting alternative to Si, since Titania has a relatively high refractive index and is fully transparent up to UV frequencies [24,25] (e.g.: at 450 nm: n TiO2 = 2.55, k TiO2 = 1.2 × 10 −5 ; at 370 nm: n TiO2 = 2.83, k TiO2 = 1 × 10 −3 ) rendering it, for instance, a strategic material to manipulate the light emitted by conventional GaN-based blue LEDs (at about 450 nm). TiO 2 can be prepared by high-throughput chemical processes, which is a prerequisite for applications requiring large surface systems. It also has many other advantages over Si and metals that are its high chemical, mechanical, and thermal stability, nontoxicity, and relative natural abundance.To date, several groups have studied the properties of Titania particles as dielectric resonators prepared using conventional top-down microfabrication technologies [26][27][28][29][30] or soft-nanoimprint lithography. [31,32] They all confirmed that electromagnetic resonances could be generated within these metal oxide objects. However, the limited exploitation of this material is mainly due to the difficulty in applying conventional top-down fabrication methods to TiO 2 . Additionally, such approaches do not allow the preparation of spherical resonators, [33] which may be interesting for many applications with effective metamaterials, such as beam steering and back-scattering-free optics, [11,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Titania‐Based Spherical Mie Resonators Elaborated by High‐Throughput Aerosol Spray: Single Object Investigation

Checcucci

Bottein

Claude

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Hence, our findings can lead to the spectroscopic characterization of an isolated nanoparticle, further invigorating the capabilities of SPP-microscopy techniques. Finally, it is straightforward to extend our work for THz SPPs, which have been recently exploited for time-resolved imaging of μm-particles [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Principles of nanoparticle imaging using surface plasmons

Demetriadou

Kornyshev

2015

New J. Phys.

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Unlike surface plasmon resonance sensors that detect integral changes to the optical properties of a sample, surface plasmon polariton-microscopy techniques can detect isolated nanoparticles in realtime through their plasmonic image, even of sub-wavelength dimensions. The feature characteristics and intensity of this plasmonic image are dependent on the nanoparticleʼs chemical composition and size. However, the lack of a theoretical model describing the principles forming a plasmonic image have hindered their understanding. In this article, we present a full-wave analytical model that describes electromagnetically the formation of the plasmonic image. Through our analytical model and numerical calculations, we show the properties of a plasmonic image from sub-wavelength to macroscopic particles of various chemical compositions.

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“…To date, there is no calibrated procedure to characterize such enormously large fields. Established near-field measurements relying on electro-optic sampling [36,37], tunneling currents [38], or Franz-Keldysh oscillations [39] are not characterized for atomically strong fields in which even the concept of a rigid electronic band structure is pushed to the limits of its validity. Possible characterization methods may, however, arise from the following observations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Extremely Nonperturbative Nonlinearities in GaAs Driven by Atomically Strong Terahertz Fields in Gold Metamaterials

et al. 2014

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Terahertz near fields of gold metamaterials resonant at a frequency of 0.88 THz allow us to enter an extreme limit of nonperturbative ultrafast terahertz electronics: Fields reaching a ponderomotive energy in the keV range are exploited to drive nondestructive, quasistatic interband tunneling and impact ionization in undoped bulk GaAs, injecting electron-hole plasmas with densities in excess of 10 19 cm −3 . This process causes bright luminescence at energies up to 0.5 eV above the band gap and induces a complete switch-off of the metamaterial resonance accompanied by self-amplitude-modulation of transmitted few-cycle terahertz transients. Our results pave the way towards highly nonlinear terahertz optics and optoelectronic nanocircuitry with subpicosecond switching times. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.227401 PACS numbers: 78.20.-e, 42.65.Ky, 42.65.Sf, 72.20.Ht Intense, phase-locked light pulses in the terahertz spectral range have opened up an exciting arena for field-sensitive nonlinear optics . For a given peak electric field E, the low carrier frequency ω THz gives rise to a potentially large ponderomotive energyTHz , which quantifies the cycle-averaged quiver energy of a free electron of mass m. This situation promises a new quality of nonperturbative light-matter interaction at the boundary of terahertz optics and highspeed electronics.For frequencies between 0.5 and 3 THz, optical rectification [7][8][9][10] has enabled transients with peak field amplitudes in excess of 1 MV=cm [10]. Using such an electromagnetic pulse as an alternating bias, terahertzdriven carrier multiplication in doped semiconductors [12] and graphene [14] has been demonstrated. Strong terahertz fields have also been used to drive spectacular nonlinear intraband dynamics of quasiparticles, such as field ionization of impurity states [13] or excitons, electronhole recollisions, and high-order sideband generation [11]. In these experiments, the terahertz bias facilitates tunneling of bound electrons through potential energy barriers, which correspond to binding energies between a few meV and several 10 meV [ Fig. 1(a)] [11,13,23].A new limit of nonperturbative nonlinearities is expected if terahertz amplitudes approach atomically strong fields. As depicted in Fig. 1(b . This breakthrough has enabled ultrafast biasing of bulk solids in an unprecedented high-field limit, where a coherent interplay between nonresonant interband polarization and intraband Bloch oscillations generates terahertz high-harmonic radiation [6]. The diffraction limit of focusing, however, has precluded comparably high fields at frequencies as low as 1 THz where yet larger ponderomotive potentials U p combined with photon energies orders of magnitude below electronic interband resonances could pave the way to quasistatic biasing. Custom-tailored metamaterials are a promising concept for overcoming the diffraction limit. Indeed, field enhancement in metamaterials has been exploited to induce a metal-insulator phase transition in VO 2 by a terahertz transient with...

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Terahertz imaging of sub-wavelength particles with Zenneck surface waves

Cited by 21 publications

References 27 publications

Titania‐Based Spherical Mie Resonators Elaborated by High‐Throughput Aerosol Spray: Single Object Investigation

Titania‐Based Spherical Mie Resonators Elaborated by High‐Throughput Aerosol Spray: Single Object Investigation

Principles of nanoparticle imaging using surface plasmons

Extremely Nonperturbative Nonlinearities in GaAs Driven by Atomically Strong Terahertz Fields in Gold Metamaterials

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