Terahertz 3D printed diffractive lens matrices for field-effect transistor detector focal plane arrays

Nowakowski-Szkudlarek, Krzesimir; Sypek, Maciej; Cywiński, G.; Suszek, Jarosław; Zagrajek, Przemysław; Feduniewicz-Żmuda, Anna; Yahniuk, Ivan; Yatsunenko, S.; Nowakowska-Siwinska, Anna; Coquillat, Dominique; But, Dmytro B.; Rachon, M.; Węgrzyńska, K.; Skierbiszewski, C.; Knap, W.

doi:10.1364/oe.24.020119

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In case of employment in THz imaging of focal plane sensors arrays, 3D printed arrays can be used. They are diffractive multi-zone lenses, offering both good efficiency and needed uniformity, and thus enabling improvement in the SNR of THz HEMTs based detectors by more than one order of magnitude [236]. Moreover, the proposed technology provides a route to produce cost-effective, reproducible, flat optics for large-size THz HEMTs-detector focal plane arrays.…”

Section: On-chip Solutions In Thz Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadmap of Terahertz Imaging 2021

Valušis

Lisauskas

Yuan

et al. 2021

Sensors

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175

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In this roadmap article, we have focused on the most recent advances in terahertz (THz) imaging with particular attention paid to the optimization and miniaturization of the THz imaging systems. Such systems entail enhanced functionality, reduced power consumption, and increased convenience, thus being geared toward the implementation of THz imaging systems in real operational conditions. The article will touch upon the advanced solid-state-based THz imaging systems, including room temperature THz sensors and arrays, as well as their on-chip integration with diffractive THz optical components. We will cover the current-state of compact room temperature THz emission sources, both optolectronic and electrically driven; particular emphasis is attributed to the beam-forming role in THz imaging, THz holography and spatial filtering, THz nano-imaging, and computational imaging. A number of advanced THz techniques, such as light-field THz imaging, homodyne spectroscopy, and phase sensitive spectrometry, THz modulated continuous wave imaging, room temperature THz frequency combs, and passive THz imaging, as well as the use of artificial intelligence in THz data processing and optics development, will be reviewed. This roadmap presents a structured snapshot of current advances in THz imaging as of 2021 and provides an opinion on contemporary scientific and technological challenges in this field, as well as extrapolations of possible further evolution in THz imaging.

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Section: On-chip Solutions In Thz Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadmap of Terahertz Imaging 2021

Valušis

Lisauskas

Yuan

et al. 2021

Sensors

Self Cite

175

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“…These conclusions fully agree with the previously shown experimental outcome. Moreover, the matching values of experimental and numerical integrals in Table 1 prove that the assumed material absorption coefficient of α = 1 cm −1 [26] was correct. Based on the above results, the effective thickness of the uncoated sample was calculated to be 6.3 mm.…”

Section: Experimental Measurements and Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Additive manufacturing proves to be a promising technology for structuring of optical elements for the wavelengths in the millimeter range due to its ease of design and prototyping [26][27][28]. Especially for longer wavelengths around 0.1 THz, there is an attractive possibility of direct printing of sub-wavelength kinoform-like structures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3-D Printed Anti-Reflection Structures for the Terahertz Region

Bomba

Suszek

Makowski

et al. 2017

J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves

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Terahertz radiation has a growing number of applications in material characterization, where spectral fingerprinting and diffractive effects are the carriers of information. On the other hand, electromagnetic waves in the range of millimeters exhibit strong unwanted specular reflections, resulting in uncontrolled interferences. This problem is especially disturbing in the goniometric time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) configuration, where angular distribution of the field modified by the sample is altered by unwanted reflections. For this reason, low-cost anti-reflection layers are desired. Here, we present a simple way of designing and manufacturing one-sided and two-sided anti-reflection polyamide layers for the THz range. The structures were fabricated using 3-D printers based on selective laser sintering. We demonstrate experimentally in the goniometric time-domain spectroscopy the significant reduction of wavelength-dependent oscillations in Fabry-Perot configuration in the range between 0.1 and 0.3 THz. We also examine the influence of the anti-reflection layers on the distribution of THz energy in reflected, transmitted, and diffracted fields. MotivationTerahertz radiation has been the subject of growing attention because of its unique properties: non-ionizing nature, good transmission through many non-metallic media, and the possibilities of spectral fingerprinting of various materials, including hazardous ones. THz beams are used in numerous areas, including medicine, telecommunication, and security systems. In most of

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“…Described refractive and diffractive approaches had similar efficiency, but the latter counterpart should have had the limited working bandwidth. A diffractive design was used to focus the radiation on the matrix of detectors in [87] and [88] to improve the coupling efficiency and decrease the optical cross-talk. Lens arrays can be also designed as metasurface flat lens array [89].…”

Section: Lens Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Diffractive Optics—Smart Control over Radiation

Siemion

2019

J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves

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Over the last 20 years, thin and lightweight optical elements have become very desirable, especially for the terahertz (THz) range. Reduction of the volume of optical elements alongside an increase in their effective efficiency has begun a new direction of research leading to many practical applications. On top of that, diffractive optical elements can not only focus the incident beam, but also can shape the incoming wavefront into a desirable distribution or can redirect the energy. Starting from theoretical calculations of Fourier optics, diffractive elements have been transformed and nowadays form complicated structures that do not resemble a typical Fresnel lens. The precise control over a phase shift introduced by the designed element creates an opportunity to almost freely transform an incident wavefront. Moreover, the vast diversity of computer-generated holograms (also called synthetic) contributes substantially to this topic. Diffractive elements have a great impact on THz optical systems because their manufacturing is very simple in comparison with any other range of radiation (infrared, visible, ultraviolet, etc.). This review paper underlines developments in evolution of diffractive optics and highlights main principles and technological approaches for fabrication of diffraction optics within the terahertz range, thus serving as a guide to design and production considerations.

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Terahertz 3D printed diffractive lens matrices for field-effect transistor detector focal plane arrays

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

Roadmap of Terahertz Imaging 2021

Roadmap of Terahertz Imaging 2021

3-D Printed Anti-Reflection Structures for the Terahertz Region

Terahertz Diffractive Optics—Smart Control over Radiation

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