Tepsankumpu revisited — pollen evidence of stable Eemian climates in Finnish Lapland

Saarnisto, Matti; Eriksson, Brtta; Hirvas, Heikki

doi:10.1111/j.1502-3885.1999.tb00204.x

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Tundra, grass and forest (proxy data indicate mainly birch forest) flourished on the western and eastern sides of Greenland. Notable northward shift of boreal forest across the Arctic is also reported in Saarnisto et al (1999) for Scandinavia, in Lozhkin et al (2007) for Siberia and in Edwards et al (2003) for Alaska.…”

Section: Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 93%

The last interglacial (Eemian) climate simulated by LOVECLIM and CCSM3

et al. 2013

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This paper presents a detailed analysis of the climate of the last interglacial simulated by two climate models of different complexities, CCSM3 (Community Climate System Model 3) and LOVECLIM (LOch-Vecode-Ecbilt-CLio-agIsm Model). The simulated surface temperature, hydrological cycle, vegetation and ENSO variability during the last interglacial are analyzed through the comparison with the simulated pre-industrial (PI) climate. In both models, the last interglacial period is characterized by a significant warming (cooling) over almost all the continents during boreal summer (winter) leading to a largely increased (reduced) seasonal contrast in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere. This is mainly due to the much higher (lower) insolation received by the whole Earth in boreal summer (winter) during this interglacial. The Arctic is warmer than PI through the whole year, resulting from its much higher summer insolation, its remnant effect in the following fall-winter through the interactions between atmosphere, ocean and sea ice and feedbacks from sea ice and snow cover. Discrepancies exist in the sea-ice formation zones between the two models. Cooling is simulated by CCSM3 in the Greenland and Norwegian seas and near the shelves of Antarctica during DJF but not in LOVECLIM as a result of excessive sea-ice formation. Intensified African monsoon is responsible for the cooling during summer in northern Africa and on the Arabian Peninsula. Over India, the precipitation maximum is found further west, while in Africa the precipitation maximum migrates further north. Trees and grassland expand north in Sahel/Sahara, more clearly seen in LOVECLIM than in CCSM3 results. A mix of forest and grassland occupies continents and expands deep into the high northern latitudes. Desert areas reduce significantly in the Northern Hemisphere, but increase in northern Australia. The interannual SST variability of the tropical Pacific (El-Niño Southern Oscillation) of the last interglacial simulated by CCSM3 shows slightly larger variability and magnitude compared to the PI. However, the SST variability in our LOVECLIM simulations is particularly small due to the overestimated thermocline's depth

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Section: Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 93%

The last interglacial (Eemian) climate simulated by LOVECLIM and CCSM3

et al. 2013

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“…During the Eemian, the area was also mostly covered by shrub and herb communities, maybe with some sparse birch and pine forest. Moreover, spruce probably grew closer to this area than during the Holocene (Robertsson, 1991).The vegetation history reflected at Leveaniemi can be correlated with the many interglacial sequences in northern Finland (Finnish Lapland) (Hirvas, 1991).The most complete successions have been found at Tepsankumpu (Hirvas, 1983;Saarnisto et al, 1999), representing the beginning and middle part of the interglacial, and Paloseljanoja (Hirvas, 1991), where the middle and later parts have been preserved. A major difference is that Larix was an important component of the Eemian coniferous forests in northern Finland (Hirvas et al, 1981).…”

Section: The Northernmost Part Of Sweden and Finlandmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Sofar, the biostratigraphical results have not given any clear evidence for any longer-term climatic deterioration during the Eemian (Robertsson, 1997;Saarnisto et al, 1999). Since connections with the Arctic Ocean via the White Sea and the Atlantic Ocean via the straits in the southern Baltic basin shifted during the Eemian, this must have influenced the climate and thus both the aquatic and terrestrial vegetation.…”

Section: Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Eemian interglacial in Sweden, and comparison with Finland

Robertsson

2000

Netherlands Journal of Geosciences

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The current status of knowledge concerning the Eemian interglacial in Sweden is surveyed, and comparisons are made with northern and western Finland. The course of shore displacement is fragmentarily known for Sweden, since brackish-marine sediments have been identified, on the basis of diatom analysis, at only few sites. In Finland, on the other hand, a shoredisplacement curve has been constructed for the Eemian Baltic Sea in Ostrobothnia, central western Finland.The vegetation history is summarised for the southernmost part of Sweden, and can be correlated with that documented in Denmark. For the central part of Sweden, information is sparse, but the composition of the forests has been outlined for most of the interglacial, although information on regional pollen assemblage zones E3 and E4 (early-temperate substage) are mainly missing. A more complete picture of the interglacial vegetational history is known from Ostrobothnia in Finland. The thermophilous indicators Viscum, Ilex, Hedera and Osmunda grew far North during the Eemian. Corylus and Carpinus expanded much further to the North than during the Holocene. In Swedish and Finnish Lapland, the vegetation history is similar except that Larix was common in Finland during the Eemian, but its presence has so far not been confirmed in Sweden.Eemian deposits relocated during the Weichselian glaciation contain pollen and diatoms that can be used for reconstruction of the Eemian environment. No clear indication of a rapid climatic deterioration during the Eemian has been found so far in either Swedish or Finnish sequences.

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“…The ques tion of en vi ron men tal sta bil ity dur ing the Eemian Inter gla cial has long been dis cussed (Velichko et al, 1982(Velichko et al, , 2005Fronval and Jansen, 1996;Litt et al, 1996;Kukla et al, 1997Kukla et al, , 2002Seidenkrantz and Knudsen, 1997;Saarnisto et al, 1999;Guiter et al, 2003;Klotz et al, 2003Klotz et al, , 2004Kühl and Litt, 2003;Seppä et al, 2008, and oth ers). The dis cus sions widened when a re cord of strong tem per a ture fluc tu a tions dur ing the Eemian Inter gla cial was dis cov ered in ice cores in Greenland (Anklin et al, 1993;Dansgaard et al, 1993;Grootes et al, 1993;GRIP, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%