Tephrochronology of core PRAD 1-2 from the Adriatic Sea: insights into Italian explosive volcanism for the period 200–80 ka

Abstract

26Core PRAD 1-2, located on the western flank of the Mid-Adriatic Deep, was investigated for 27 tephra content within the part of the sequence assigned on biostratigraphic and sapropel-layer

Tephra without Borders: Far-Reaching Clues into Past Explosive Eruptions

“…By now, distal tephra and cryptotephra research has been successfully undertaken in many regions including Greenland (e.g., Abbott et al, 2012;Abbott and Davies, 2012;Coulter et al, 2012;Bourne et al, 2015b); North Atlantic (e.g., Lacasse and Garbe-Schönberg, 2001;Brendryen et al, 2011;Gudmundsdóttir et al, 2012;Blockley et al, 2014;Davies et al, 2014;Griggs et al, 2014;Voelker and Haflidason, 2015); European mainland (e.g., Caron et al, 2010;Sulpizio et al, 2010a,b;Lane et al, 2011Lane et al, , 2015Lawson et al, 2012); Mediterranean (Siani et al, 2004;Wulf et al, 2004Wulf et al, , 2008Wulf et al, , 2012Paterne et al, 2008;Zanchetta et al, 2011;Albert et al, 2012Albert et al, , 2015Bourne et al, 2015a;Çagatay et al, 2015;Wutke et al, 2015); in and around Japan (e.g., Park et al, 2003;Matsu'ura et al, 2011;Okuno et al, 2011;Smith et al, 2011bSmith et al, , 2013Lim et al, 2013); New Zealand (Shane, 2000;Alloway et al, 2005;Shane et al, 2006;Allan et al, 2008;Holt et al, 2011;Shane and Wright, 2011;…”

The San Gregorio Magno lacustrine basin (Campania, southern Italy): improved characterization of the tephrostratigraphic markers based on trace elements and isotopic data

“…150 ka at Roccamonfina (Rouchon et al ., ) and Campania products from uncertain sources, older that 90 ka, are recorded on‐land as widespread deeply altered ignimbrite deposits (Rolandi et al ., ; Belkin et al ., ). The Campania tephra marker record, on the other hand, is very rich, as testified by the finding of distal tephra layers with a chemical composition typical of Campania products both in lacustrine (Monticchio Lakes: Wulf et al ., , ; SGM: Munno and Petrosino, ; Ascione et al ., ) and marine (Tyrrhenian Sea: Paterne et al ., 1986, ; Morabito et al ., ; Petrosino et al ., ; Ionian Sea: Keller et al ., ; Insinga et al ., ; Adriatic Sea: Siani et al ., ; Bourne et al ., , ) sedimentary sequences.…”

The RESET project: constructing a European tephra lattice for refined synchronisation of environmental and archaeological events during the last c. 100 ka

“…However, most can be stratigraphically constrained, because they are bounded superpositionally by marker tephras with more distinctive chemical signatures, sourced from Vesuvius, the Aeolian Islands and Vulcano. A much longer record of tephra deposition is contained within core PRAD1-2, also from the Adriatic: this sequence extends back to 200 ka and includes four volcanic eruptions recorded distally for the first time, the new data extending their corresponding eruption footprints by some 210 km further north (Bourne et al, 2010(Bourne et al, , 2015a. Investigation of marine core LC21, which extends over the last c. 166 ka, has also demonstrated the high potential for distal ash correlations in the Aegean region, for 17 tephras were recovered from this sequence (8 of which are cryptotephra layers), reflecting eruption plumes transported from Santorini, Kos, Yali, Nisyros, Pantelleria and Campania .…”

“…5 are correctly assigned to specific eruption events, and that these events are also securely dated, then they should provide a series of robust markers for testing correlations or age models based on alternative methods, such as biostratigraphic or isotopic alignment. This approach was adopted, for example, by Bourne et al (2010Bourne et al ( , 2015a to test for synchroneity between sapropel-like sediment layers in the Adriatic and the established sapropel sequence of the eastern Mediterranean. Grant et al (2012) also used two distinctive tephra isochrons, the Minoan tephra and the Campanian Ignimbrite, to test the reliability of an age model developed for core station LC21 in the eastern Mediterranean, and its alignment with the Soreq Cave speleothem record in Israel.…”

“…Older tephras are, however, increasingly being detected, especially in Mediterranean marine records (e.g. Bourne et al, 2010Bourne et al, , 2015aInsinga et al, 2014;Satow et al, 2015), while the Lago Grande di Monticchio record suggests that many more could potentially be traced to both marine and terrestrial records (Wulf et al, 2004), a topic also worthy of further exploration. A third issue concerns the nature and stratigraphic context of distal tephra layers, for not all ash deposits form discrete, stratigraphically constrained layers; some are clearly spread through a wide stratigraphic interval, to the extent that it is often unclear which horizon represents the time of the eruption event, a complication adding to chronological uncertainty.…”