Tenure in medical schools in the 1980s

Smythe, Cheves McC.; Jones, Adam; Wilson, Marjorie P.

doi:10.1097/00001888-198205000-00001

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Forthreedecades,studieshave examined the nature of faculty appointment, tenure, and promotion policies in U.S. medical schools. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Reviewed longitudinally, these reports reveal two prominent reasons for the continued evolution of faculty appointment policies: (1) to respond to the uncertainties of the financial model in which medical schools operate, and (2) to acknowledge the different needs, responsibilities, and expectations of various faculty members.…”

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The Continued Evolution of Faculty Appointment and Tenure Policies at U.S. Medical Schools

2007

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For the past several decades, financial uncertainty, changes in health care delivery and reimbursement, and changing workforce needs have prompted medical schools to continually refine their appointment and tenure policies. Studies during the past 30 years have examined the nature of these faculty appointment and tenure policies in U.S. medical schools, and in this article the authors present data from a 2005 survey on faculty personnel policies to extend this analysis. For both basic science and clinical faculty in U.S. medical schools, the authors describe tenure systems, trends in the number and percentage of full-time faculty on tenure-eligible tracks, the financial guarantee of tenure, and probationary period lengths. They review the status of flexible policies and highlight two current faculty policy changes that many institutions have made or are actively contemplating: the recognition of interdisciplinary and team science, and a broadening view of scholarship. Results show that although tenure systems remain well established in medical schools, the proportion of faculty on tenured or tenure-eligible tracks has continued to decline over time. Changes in the financial guarantee associated with tenure have transformed the fundamental concept of tenure at many medical schools, and the percentage of schools that have lengthened the probationary period for tenure-track faculty has steadily increased during the past 25 years. Tenure-clock-stopping policies and part-time tenure policies continue to exist at medical schools, though results indicate low faculty use of the policies, suggesting a disconnect between policy and practice.

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The Continued Evolution of Faculty Appointment and Tenure Policies at U.S. Medical Schools

2007

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“…Ludwig (\ 985) co ncludes that tenure does not foster the problem of " deadwood" in academic departments. A proposed solution to the co ncern that tenur e protects unproductive faculty is to exercise great care in the initial appointment process (Smythe, Jones, & Wilson, 1982). Another solution is to hold down the number of candidates receiving tenure and prom otion by setting more stringent criteria .…”

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Criteria for tenure and promotion in doctoral degree programs in psychology: Perceptions of department chairs and heads

McCaffrey

Nelles

Byrne

1989

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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Chairs and heads of PhD-granting programs in psychology were surveyed regarding their perceptions of the minimal criteria for tenure and promotion from assistant to associate professor in their department. The respondents indicated that research was weighted more heavily than either teaching or service activities. The respondents also indicated the minimal number of various activities (e.g., publications) within domains required for tenure and promotion.

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“…While most schools offer a tenure system, most faculty do not have tenure, as substantiated by articles in Academic Medicine over the decades that described the status of faculty P&T policies and practices. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Such articles appeared with regular frequency in the 1990s and early 2000s, during a time when (1) significant financial constraints forced medical schools to rethink the standards and norms of faculty employment models and policies, and (2) major growth in the clinical faculty workforce pushed schools to introduce promotion pathways that recognized the particular academic and nonacademic contributions of these faculty, which differed from traditional models in other parts of the academy. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Medical schools responded to these forces by redefining the financial guarantee associated with tenure; extending tenure probationary periods; instituting tenure clock-stopping policies; introducing various kinds of non-tenure-tracks, especially for clinical faculty; and reducing the percentage, if not the absolute number, of faculty appointed to tenured and tenure-track lines.…”

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Promotion and Tenure Policies and Practices at U.S. Medical Schools: Is Tenure Irrelevant or More Relevant Than Ever?

Mallon,

Cox

2024

Acad Med

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Promotion and tenure (P&T) have been common mechanisms to support and nurture faculty at higher education institutions and, therefore, have been of continual interest to medical school faculty and administrators. In the last decade, significant changes in the academic medicine sector have occurred, including new medical schools, mergers and acquisitions of academic hospitals and health systems, and institutional and societal efforts to address systemic racism and inequality. In addition, societal controversies have revived long-dormant concerns about academic freedom for medical school faculty, a bedrock principle of U.S. higher education for more than a century. These developments raise the question of whether tenure at medical schools is increasingly irrelevant for large numbers of full-time faculty or more relevant than ever. Using a 2022 survey of 118 medical schools, a review of P&T policies at 37 other medical schools, and an analysis of Association of American Medical Colleges Faculty Roster data, the authors review the prevalence of tenure systems at U.S. MD-granting medical schools; trends in the use of such systems for full-time basic science and clinical faculty; models of including diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) criteria in P&T standards; and alterations to introduce greater flexibility into the P&T process. The authors’ analysis shows that, although tenure systems remain well established at U.S. MD-granting medical schools, the percentage of full-time faculty on tenured or tenure-eligible tracks declined over the last 4 decades. Troubling gaps in tenure-eligible appointments persist between men and women faculty and among faculty by race and ethnicity. Medical schools have begun to deploy a variety of tactics in P&T processes focused on DEI to address these systemic inequities. To adapt the traditional tenure system to meet the needs of academic medicine, medical schools have altered their policies, including tenure financial guarantees, probationary period extensions, and post-tenure review.

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Tenure in medical schools in the 1980s

Cited by 8 publications

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The Continued Evolution of Faculty Appointment and Tenure Policies at U.S. Medical Schools

The Continued Evolution of Faculty Appointment and Tenure Policies at U.S. Medical Schools

Criteria for tenure and promotion in doctoral degree programs in psychology: Perceptions of department chairs and heads

Promotion and Tenure Policies and Practices at U.S. Medical Schools: Is Tenure Irrelevant or More Relevant Than Ever?

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