Tensile fracture and failure behavior of technical flax fibers

Romhány, Gábor; Karger‐Kocsis, J.; Czigány, Tibor

doi:10.1002/app.13110

Cited by 107 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…e results of average values of bre tensile properties obtained on technical textile (TF) and oleaginous (OF) ax bres, together with the corresponding coe cient of variation are presented in Table 3. Studies by Romhány et al [8] showed that there are three failure mechanisms of technical ax bres: 1) longitudinal splitting of the pectin boundary layer among elementary bres; 2) transverse fracture of elementary bres; and 3) multiple fractures of elementary bres and their micro brils. Generally, a higher tensile strength is observed for bres with shorter test gauge length.…”

Section: Fibre Length Linear Density and Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ey are held together by pectin and hemicellulose. e elementary bres are composed of a very thin (~ 0.2 µm) primary cell wall, a strongly developed secondary cell wall (dominating the cross section) subdivided into three layers, the middle, S2 layer, having the largest dimension, and a lumen, a small, open channel in the centre of the elementary bre [3,5,8]. e secondary cell wall contains crystalline cellulose micro brils and amorphous hemicellulose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e micro brils are bundled into meso brils that are highly oriented along the bre axis (at the so-called micro bril angle). eir arrangement in layers is responsible for the mechanical strength and sti ness of the bre [3,8]. Flax fibres can be referred to as composites as the cell wall comprises reinforcing oriented semicrystalline cellulose microfibrils which are embedded in a two-phase (lignin-hemicellulose) amorphous matrix [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterisation of Textile and Oleaginous Flax Fibrous and Shives Material as Potential Reinforcement for Polymer Composites

Tomljenović¹,

Erceg²

2016

TEK

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In recent years, the use of fl ax fi bres to replace glass fi bres as reinforcement in polymer composites has gained popularity due to an increasing environmental concern and requirement for developing sustainable materials. Many works deal with the properties of fl ax fi bres cultivated for textile applications, which are today used for polymer reinforcement. As fi brous material from oleaginous fl ax varieties and shives is available in large quantities and not promoted, its use in composites shall be further developed in the forthcoming years. Croatia and Slovenia mainly grow oleaginous fl ax, where after the seed collecting, most of the stems remain unused, the major portion being burned in fi elds, creating environmental pollution, or being disposed by ploughing. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterise and compare the properties of shives and technical fi bres extracted from fl ax Linum usitatissimum L., a textile variety planted in Croatia and from the Slovenian autochthonous oleaginous variety from Bela Krajina, to be used as potential reinforcement in polymer composites. The fl ax stems of the textile variety were subjected to water retting for 72 hours and the fl ax stems of the oleaginous variety were dew retted for four weeks. Dried retted stems were passed through a mechanical process of breaking and scotching, followed by heckling and combing, where the shives and fibres were separated into four groups according to their length. The characterisation of the fi brous material of both varieties was studied according to the results of optical and scanning electron microscopy, moisture regain, fi bre length, linear density and tensile strength, and according to the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Based on the analysis results, it was concluded that the properties of investigated textile and oleaginous fl ax fi brous material were comparable, as were the properties of tested fi bre length groups within the same variety; that fl ax fi bres from textile and oleaginous varieties have adequate morphological and mechanical properties, and thermal stability for reinforcing polymer matrix composites; and that fl ax shives are more appropriate for fi llers in plastics with a lower reinforcing role. As the type of fi bre reinforcement (short fi bres, roving/yarns, nonwoven or woven fabrics) is very important for polymer composite properties, based on the obtained results, fi bres can be selected for specifi c purposes. Keywords: textile fl ax, oleaginous fl ax, fi brous material, polymer composite, reinforcement

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Section: Fibre Length Linear Density and Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterisation of Textile and Oleaginous Flax Fibrous and Shives Material as Potential Reinforcement for Polymer Composites

Tomljenović¹,

Erceg²

2016

TEK

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“…According to our former examinations aimed at tracing the failure mode of flax fibers by AE characteristics, the amplitude distribution proved to be most relevant. [13] AE amplitudes grouped into three ranges reflected the following failures in technical flax fibers: < 35 dB was assigned to the axial splitting of the pectin boundary layer (Figure 8b), 35-60 dB amplitudes was assigned to the transversal microcracks developing in the elementary fibers (Figure 8c), and > 60 dB was assigned Figure 6). to the final, tear-type multiple elementary flax fiber fracture (Figure 8d).…”

Section: Acoustic Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tensile Fracture and Failure Behavior of Thermoplastic Starch with Unidirectional and Cross‐Ply Flax Fiber Reinforcements

Romhány

Karger‐Kocsis

Czigány

2003

Macro Materials & Eng

100

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Thermoplastic starch (MaterBi®) based composites containing flax fibers in unidirectional and crossed‐ply arrangements were produced by hot pressing using the film stacking method. The flax content was varied in three steps, viz. 20, 40 and 60 wt.‐%. Static tensile mechanical properties (stiffness and strength) of the composites were determined on dumbbell specimens. During their loading the acoustic emission (AE) was recorded. Burst type AE signal characteristics (amplitude, width) were traced to the failure mechanisms and supported by fractographic inspection. The mechanical response and failure mode of the composites strongly depended on the flax content and the flax fiber lay‐up. It was established that the tensile strength increases until 40 wt.‐% flax fiber content but stays almost constant above this value. In the case of 40 wt.‐% unidirectional fiber reinforcement, the tensile strength of the composite was 3 times greater than that of the pure starch matrix. The flax fiber reinforcement increased the tensile modulus of the pure starch by several orders of amplitude.SEM picture of the fracture surface of a composite with UD flax reinforcement.magnified imageSEM picture of the fracture surface of a composite with UD flax reinforcement.

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“…It is attributed to natural variability in plant growth, processing parameters and damage [9][10][11]. Fibre strength has been reported in the form of a two-parameter Weibull distribution [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Statistical distributions were determined on elementary fibres using tensile tests (batches of 56 and 68 elementary fibres), fragmentation tests (21 data on elementary filaments) [11] and on technical fibres using tensile tests on batches of 50 fibre bundles [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of statistical distributions of fracture strengths for flax fibre using the tow-based approach

2016

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The failure properties of flax fibres were investigated using a tow behaviourbased approach that was developed on ceramic and glass fibres. The Weibull and normal strength distributions of filament failure strains and the true statistical parameters were extracted from the tensile curve of a tow test specimen made of several 100 of filaments. Tensile tests were carried out on flax tows possessing more than 1000 continuous elementary fibres. The force-strain curves were found to follow the theory of bundles of independent and parallel continuous filaments. Weibull and normal distributions of filaments failure strains were reproducible and in excellent agreement. The results of the present work are compared to strengths of elementary and technical fibres reported in the literature. The dependence of statistical parameters on factors including sample size and selection, and method of experimental data analysis was investigated. For this purpose, subsets of failure strains were analysed, and the normal distribution-based approach was applied to sets of failure strain data of elementary fibres reported in the literature. Finally, the flax fibre was compared to E glass fibre using statistical distributions of failure strengths.

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Tensile fracture and failure behavior of technical flax fibers

Cited by 107 publications

References 10 publications

Characterisation of Textile and Oleaginous Flax Fibrous and Shives Material as Potential Reinforcement for Polymer Composites

Characterisation of Textile and Oleaginous Flax Fibrous and Shives Material as Potential Reinforcement for Polymer Composites

Tensile Fracture and Failure Behavior of Thermoplastic Starch with Unidirectional and Cross‐Ply Flax Fiber Reinforcements

Investigation of statistical distributions of fracture strengths for flax fibre using the tow-based approach

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