Abstract:Tensile and in-vitro degradation study of electro spun fibrous mat produced from eri silk fibroin Fibrous mat was produced from eri silk fibroin by electro spinning. The fibrous mat was tested for tensile properties and in-vitro bio-degradation by enzymatic treatment. The tensile strength of the mat was 5.3 MPa and its elastic modulus was 49 MPa before bio-degradation. The weight loss obtained after 30 days of degradation was 34 %. The in-vitro enzymatic degradation of fibrous mat was confirmed through Scannin… Show more
“…Figure 6 shows the degradation of three forms of scaffolds over a period of 15 days by protease XIV. It was observed that the enzymes have etched the surface of the scaffold and degradation was due to surface erosion, which is similar to the findings of Muthumanickkam et al [30]. Due to the degradation of surface, the structure of the scaffold disintegrates.…”
Electrospun scaffolds are being widely studied for its potential application in tissue engineering because of its nanostructure that mimics the extracellular matrices. Although it has several advantages, it lacks mechanical strength and causes structural deformation during handling of the scaffold. It is well known that the textile-based structures like woven and nonwoven fabrics have excellent structural stability. In this study, a woven and a hydroentangled nonwoven fabric were fabricated from eri silk fibroin and their characteristics were compared with electrospun scaffold. The functional groups, contact angle, thermal degradation, hemocompatibility studies showed that all the three scaffolds can be used as biomaterials. The pore and pore size distribution were better with electrospun scaffold due to smaller fiber diameter and more number of layers of fibers. The tensile behaviour was found to be better for woven and nonwoven scaffolds. The enzymatic degradation showed that the stability of woven and nonwoven scaffolds were better and electrospun scaffold degrades and disintegrates quickly. Mouse 3T3 L1 fibroblast and Human Wharton’s jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells adhered on all the three scaffolds and a higher attachment and growth coverage were obtained on the electrospun and nonwoven scaffolds. It was found that the hydroentangled nonwoven silk scaffold exhibited similar biological characteristics as that of electrospun scaffold and also had higher mechanical strength and structural stability. Hence, it is inferred that the hydroentangled nonwoven scaffold can be considered as a suitable structure for tissue engineering applications.
“…Figure 6 shows the degradation of three forms of scaffolds over a period of 15 days by protease XIV. It was observed that the enzymes have etched the surface of the scaffold and degradation was due to surface erosion, which is similar to the findings of Muthumanickkam et al [30]. Due to the degradation of surface, the structure of the scaffold disintegrates.…”
Electrospun scaffolds are being widely studied for its potential application in tissue engineering because of its nanostructure that mimics the extracellular matrices. Although it has several advantages, it lacks mechanical strength and causes structural deformation during handling of the scaffold. It is well known that the textile-based structures like woven and nonwoven fabrics have excellent structural stability. In this study, a woven and a hydroentangled nonwoven fabric were fabricated from eri silk fibroin and their characteristics were compared with electrospun scaffold. The functional groups, contact angle, thermal degradation, hemocompatibility studies showed that all the three scaffolds can be used as biomaterials. The pore and pore size distribution were better with electrospun scaffold due to smaller fiber diameter and more number of layers of fibers. The tensile behaviour was found to be better for woven and nonwoven scaffolds. The enzymatic degradation showed that the stability of woven and nonwoven scaffolds were better and electrospun scaffold degrades and disintegrates quickly. Mouse 3T3 L1 fibroblast and Human Wharton’s jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells adhered on all the three scaffolds and a higher attachment and growth coverage were obtained on the electrospun and nonwoven scaffolds. It was found that the hydroentangled nonwoven silk scaffold exhibited similar biological characteristics as that of electrospun scaffold and also had higher mechanical strength and structural stability. Hence, it is inferred that the hydroentangled nonwoven scaffold can be considered as a suitable structure for tissue engineering applications.
“…The spectra shows the amide I absorption band at 1659 cm −1 (C=O stretching), amide II absorption band at 1540 cm −1 and 1560 cm −1 (N–H bending), and amide III absorption band at 1379 and 1388 cm −1 (C–N stretching) respectively for the undegummed eri and tasar silks. These absorption bands are attributed to the β-sheet structure of the silk fibroin (Simchuer et al 2010 ; Muthumanickkam et al 2010 ; NasimAmiraliyan and Kish 2009 ). Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Figure 10 c, d, shows that majority of the pores have diameter in the range of 0.1–2 μm and 1.3–1.5 μm, with mean pore diameter of 0.4 and 1.39 μm respectively for the ethanol treated ESF and TSF scaffolds. When the electrospun mat is immersed in ethanol, it swells and shrinks (Muthumanickkam et al 2010 ; NasimAmiraliyan and Kish 2009 ). The relative shrinkage of nanofibrous scaffolds after treatment leads to decrease in pore diameter and porosity (Thompson et al 2007 ).…”
The cultivated silk, mulberry, is being used as biomaterial in different forms. Eri, tasar and muga are some of the known wild silk varieties. The studies on biomedical applications of electrospun mats produced from these wild silks are limited though few studies on eri silk are available. In this work, comparison was made between eri and tasar silk fibroin scaffolds for biomedical application. The scaffolds were produced from eri silk fibroin (ESF) and tasar silk fibroin (TSF) by electrospinning method and they were treated with ethanol to improve dimensional stability. Ethanol treatment increased the crystallinity% of both ESF and TSF scaffolds. The crystallinity percentage of the ESF and TSF scaffolds was found to be 46.7 and 42.8 % respectively. Thermal stability was higher for ESF than that of TSF scaffold. The hemolytic % of ESF and TSF scaffolds was found to be 1.3 and 7.7 % respectively. The platelet adhesion on the surface of ESF scaffold was lower than that found on TSF scaffold. Better fibroblast cell attachment, binding and spreading was found on the ESF scaffold. The cell viability on ESF scaffold was 83.78 % and in TSF was 78.01 % for 48 h. The results showed that ESF electrospun scaffold can be considered as a better biomaterial for biomedical applications compared to that of TSF scaffold.
“…However, the peak intensity of the ESF-Hap scaffold is less due to the presence of Hap in the ESF-Hap scaffold. The FTIR also shows that the stretch bands pertaining to trifluoroacetic acid (1,100 to 1,200 cm -1 ) used for preparing the polymer solution, which may be allergenic to be used as biomaterial, are not found in the electrospun fibrous scaffolds (Muthumanickkam et al 2010 ). The band absorption in spectrum b (Figure 2 ) at 697, 612, and 563 cm -1 is due to O-P-O bending in the ESF-Hap scaffold.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The optimum concentration of polymer in trifluoroacetic acid was found to be 13% (wt/vol.). The distance between the syringe and the collecting drum was kept at 15 cm, and a 20-kV supply was applied between the syringe and the collecting drum (Muthumanickkam et al 2010 ). The flow rate of the solution was maintained at 1.0 ml/h.…”
Natural biomaterials such as collagen, silk fibroin, and chitosan, and synthetic biopolymers such as polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyglycolic acid, and their copolymers are being used as scaffold for tissue engineering applications. In the present work, a fibrous mat was electrospun from eri silk fibroin (ESF). A composite of hydroxyapatite (Hap) and the ESF scaffold was prepared by soaking the ESF scaffold in a solution of calcium chloride and then in sodium diammonium phosphate. The average tensile stress of the pure ESF and hydroxyapatite-coated ESF scaffold (ESF-Hap) was found to be 1.84 and 0.378 MPa, respectively. Pure ESF and ESF-Hap scaffolds were evaluated for their characteristics by a themogravimetric analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope. The crystallinity and thermal stability of the ESF-Hap scaffold were found to be more than that of uncoated eri silk nanofiber scaffold. The water uptake of the pure ESF and ESF-Hap scaffolds was found to be 69% and 340%, respectively, in distilled water as well as phosphate buffer saline. The hemolysis percentage of both scaffolds was less than 5%, which indicate their good blood compatibility. The cytocompatibility studied by 3-(4,5-dimethyl) thiazol-2-yl-2,5-dimethyl tetrazolium bromide assay showed that the scaffold is biocompatible. To assess cell attachment and growth on the scaffold, human mesenchymal stem cells were cultured on the scaffolds. The results from scanning electron microscopy and fluorescent microscopy showed a notable cellular growth and favorable morphological features. Hence, the ESF-Hap scaffold is better suited for cell growth than the pure ESF scaffold.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2194-0517-2-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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