Tenotomy and repair of latissimus dorsi muscles in rats: implications for transposed muscle grafts

Kadhiresan, V.; Guelinckx, Paul J.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1993.75.3.1294

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The EDL has a parallel muscle fiber architecture, therefore a θ = 0° was used [18]. We used an established muscle density constant of 1.06 mg/mm 3 [18,25,26]. Power, when customarily normalized to muscle mass, is known as normalized power.…”

Section: Specific Force and Normalized Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional studies also demonstrate force and power deficits following simple tenotomy and repair [2][3][4]. Surgically lengthening tendon, thus decreasing resting tension, is shown to decrease muscle mass and total force output [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, following a 3 week recovery, normal force output is recovered when pre-surgical muscle tension is restored 7 days after tenotomy [6]. Thus we question whether failure to optimize tendon length led to the earlier study results [2][3][4]. Also, the power producing capacity of muscle after undergoing tenotomy and repair at altered resting tendon length has not been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muscle Force and Power Following Tendon Repair at Altered Tendon Length

Krochmal¹,

Kuzon²,

Urbanchek³

2008

Journal of Surgical Research

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Section: Specific Force and Normalized Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muscle Force and Power Following Tendon Repair at Altered Tendon Length

Krochmal¹,

Kuzon²,

Urbanchek³

2008

Journal of Surgical Research

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“…A number of factors affecting the function of transplanted muscles such as muscle denervation followed by reinnervation [3,4], tenotomy [5], and ischemia followed by reperfusion injury [6 -9] have been experimentally investigated. A number of modifications and refinements of the techniques including the choice of the donor muscles or the recipient nerve have been reported [10 -14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Clinically Transplanted Muscles

Harii

Asato

Yamada

1998

Journal of Surgical Research

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Backgrounds. Although a number of studies have examined the morphology and function of experimentally transplanted muscles, immunohistochemi-cal evaluation of clinically transplanted muscles has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to examine clinically transplanted muscles at long periods after transplantation with biochemical markers specific for satellite cell activation and muscle regeneration. Materials and Methods. Nine biopsies of muscles transplanted to the paralyzed face were examined. In five cases, the gracilis muscles were transplanted about 1 year after cross face nerve grafting. The other four cases underwent one-stage latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle transplantation. Twelve to 162 months after transplantation, muscle biopsies were harvested in nine cases. In eight cases, secondary corrections of facial expression including debulking of the grafted muscle were required, while another muscle was transplanted in one case because of the failed first operation. As control, six specimens of normal LDs were examined as well. Monoclonal an-tibodies were employed to visualize myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms (slow, fast, and embryonic) and MyoD protein. Results. Although one specimen exhibited only small, atrophic fibers indicating failed reinnervation, the remaining eight specimens showed regularly distributed fibers and type grouping indicating successful reinnervation. There was no statistically significant difference in fiber area and lesser diameter between normal LDs and transplanted LDs. However, even in these successfully reinnervated muscles, intermediate and small fibers expressing embryonic MHC and small cells expressing MyoD were observed, suggesting that satellite cells were activated for repair of the adjacent fibers. Conclusions. Muscle adaptation (presumably to dener-vation), which is a regenerative change accompanied by activation of satellite cells, was still seen even long periods after transplantation. It is concluded that, in micro-neurovascular human skeletal muscle transfers, there is a wide variation in the time required for reinnervation of individual muscle fibers, and it may be that human muscle fibers cannot be properly reinnervated after de-nervation has continued for a certain period such as 12 months.

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“…For injuries to muscles in the head, neck, upper arm, forearm, and chest wall, the muscle of choice has been the latissimus dorsi (LTD) muscle. 25 Following transposition of the LTD muscle, adduction and internal rotation of the arm are not impaired significantly, apparently because the force and power generated by the teres major and pectoralis muscles provide an adequate s~b s t i t u t e .~~ The broad, flat LTD muscle is extremely versatile either in its natural configuration for reconstruction of the pectoralis major muscle, or rolled and sutured to substitute for the biceps or triceps muscles, Uses for the LTD muscle continue to evolve. To assist a failing heart, the LTD muscle has been transposed into the thoracic cavity and wrapped around the heart, or alternatively wrapped around a pump in series with the heart.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole skeletal muscle transplantation: Mechanisms responsible for functional deficits

Carlson

Kadhiresan

1994

Biotech & Bioengineering

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One aspect of tissue engineering of skeletal muscle involves the transposition and transplantation of whole muscles to treat muscles damaged by injury or disease. The transposition of whole muscles has been used for many decades, but since 1970, the development of techniques for microneurovascular repair has allowed the transplantation of muscles invariably result in structural and functional deficits. The deficits are of the greatest magnitude during the first month, and then a gradual recovery results in the stabilization of structural and functional variables between 90 and 120 days. In stabilized vascularized grafts ranging from 1 to 3 g in rats to 90 g in dogs, the major deficits are approximately 25% decrease in muscle mass and in most grafts approximately 40% decrease in maximum force. The decrease in power is more complex because it depends on both the average shortening force and the velocity of shortening. As a consequence, the deficit in maximum power may be either greater or less than the deficit in maximum force. Tenotomy and repair are the major factors responsible for the deficits.Although the data are limited, skeletal muscle grafts appear to respond to training stimuli in a manner no different from that of control muscles. The training stimuli include traditional methods of endurance and strength training, as well as chronic electrical stimulation. Transposed and transplanted muscles develop sufficient force and power to function effectively to: maintain posture; move limbs; sustain the patency of sphincters; partially restore symmetry in the face; or serve as, or drive, assist devices in parallel or in series with the heart.

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Tenotomy and repair of latissimus dorsi muscles in rats: implications for transposed muscle grafts

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Muscle Force and Power Following Tendon Repair at Altered Tendon Length

Muscle Force and Power Following Tendon Repair at Altered Tendon Length

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Clinically Transplanted Muscles

Whole skeletal muscle transplantation: Mechanisms responsible for functional deficits

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