Immunohistochemical Analysis of Clinically Transplanted Muscles

Harii, Kiyonori; Asato, Hirotaka; Yamada, Atsushi

doi:10.1006/jsre.1998.5377

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…hypothesized that reinnervation had failed to occur in a few of their cases of human MNV muscle transfer, and that the flap had therefore atrophied. 18 In our study, however, despite obvious muscle innervation, muscle morphology was not fully restored in all cases. Moreover, the density of neural structures correlated with neither atrophy, function, nor any other particular parameters in our patient series.…”

Section: Muscle Atrophy and Innervationmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…This finding is compatible with earlier observations on the continuation of muscle regeneration years after muscle transfer. 18 In our study, however, the activation of satellite cells was found to be time-dependent such that the longer the transferred muscle had been in its new site, the fewer were the attempts at regeneration. Satellite cell mitotic activity did not correlate with muscle fiber diameters of the flaps in our study, but there was a tendency for association (ns) between satellite cell activity and good function of the flap.…”

Section: Muscle Fiber Type Distributionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…In a study of a few cases of facial reanimation, however, Yoshimura et al found no significant decrease in fiber diameter despite similar follow-up times. 18 Whether the difference between their results and ours could be attributed to differences in functional recovery of the transplanted muscles remains unknown, as no functional grading was reported in Yoshimura et al's study. 18 Moreover, the decrease in muscle fiber diameters noted in our series was similar to that observed by Frey et al in seven patients.…”

Section: Muscle Atrophy and Innervationmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…18 Whether the difference between their results and ours could be attributed to differences in functional recovery of the transplanted muscles remains unknown, as no functional grading was reported in Yoshimura et al's study. 18 Moreover, the decrease in muscle fiber diameters noted in our series was similar to that observed by Frey et al in seven patients. 13 Here, we studied the expression of S-100 protein in transferred muscle flaps.…”

Section: Muscle Atrophy and Innervationmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…16,17 Yoshimura et al assessed the regeneration-related proteins of MNV muscle flaps and suggested that muscle regeneration might still take place long after transfer. 18 Here, we applied morphometric and immunohistochemical techniques to characterize degenerative and re-generative changes in MNV muscle transplants up to 10 years after transfer. Histological findings were statistically compared with long-term functional outcomes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term adaptation of human microneurovascular muscle flaps to the paralyzed face: An immunohistochemical study

et al. 2006

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The purpose of this study was to characterize microneurovascular (MNV) muscle transplants immunohistochemically up to 10 years after transfer. Histological data was related to long-term functional outcome. The study comprised 17 patients with a mean age of 41 years suffering from complete unilateral long-lasting facial paralysis. A two-stage procedure was performed between 1986 and 2001. The gracilis, latissimus dorsi, and serratus muscles were used in four, eight, and five patients, respectively. Eighteen biopsy samples were taken from MNV muscle grafts during secondary refinement procedures. In one patient, the tissue samples were collected at two different time points. Immunohistochemistry testing revealed muscle fiber type distribution (anti-myosin fast), proliferating satellite cells (Ki-67), and reinnervation (S-100). Muscle atrophy was assessed histomorphometrically. In a recent study, patient characteristics and the function of the flap were evaluated. Histological data were compared with clinical data and long-term functional outcomes of the patients. In biopsy samples taken 1-10 (mean 31 months) years after MNV muscle transfer, the mean muscle fiber diameter was 38 (range 14-70) microm, indicating a 40% decrease compared with control values. Muscle atrophy was not type-specific and the mean percentage of type II fibers was not altered. Individual variation was, however, considerable. Proliferative activity of satellite cells was seen in 60% of the samples but it tended to decline with an increase in follow-up time. All samples showed intramuscular reinnervation. In statistical analysis severe atrophy correlated with prolonged intraoperative ischemia (P=0.04). The good long-term functional outcome correlated with dominance of fast fibers in muscle grafts (P=0.03). Atrophy tended to be more pronounced in the serratus than in the other muscles (ns). In summary, despite dense muscle reinnervation, morphology of the muscle is not fully restored after muscle transfer. Ischemia time affects muscle morphology. Adaptation of the graft to fast-twitch muscle activity favors better mimic function. The proliferative activity of satellite cells declines with prolonged follow-up time.

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Section: Muscle Atrophy and Innervationmentioning

confidence: 49%

Section: Muscle Fiber Type Distributionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Muscle Atrophy and Innervationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Muscle Atrophy and Innervationmentioning

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Long-term adaptation of human microneurovascular muscle flaps to the paralyzed face: An immunohistochemical study

et al. 2006

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Long‐term morphometric and immunohistochemical findings in human free microvascular muscle flaps

et al. 2004

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Reinnervation, muscle regeneration, density of microvessels, and muscle-type specific atrophy were studied 3-4 years after surgery in surgically nonreinnervated free microvascular muscle flaps to 13 patients transplanted to the upper or lower extremities. Routine histology and immunohistochemistry for PGP 9.5 and S-100 (neuronal markers), Ki-67 (cell proliferation), myosin (muscle fiber types), and CD-31 (endothelium) were carried out, and results were analyzed morphometrically. Three to 4 years after surgery, severe atrophy of predominantly slow-type fibers was seen in 9 cases. In 4 cases, muscle-fiber diameter and fiber-type distribution were close to normal. Long intraoperative muscle ischemia and postoperative immobilization were associated with poor muscle bulk in flaps. The density of microvessels in flaps did not differ from control muscles. PGP 9.5 and S-100 immunopositive nerve fibers were detected in 7 patients. Reinnervation was associated with good muscle bulk. In 4 patients, activation of satellite cells was evident. The results suggest that in some cases, spontaneous reinnervation may occur in free muscle flaps, and that several years after microvascular free flap transfer, the muscle still attempts to regenerate.

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Short‐ or long‐term effects of adult myoblast transfer on properties of reinnervated skeletal muscles

Coulet¹,

Lacombe²,

Lazerges³

et al. 2005

Muscle and Nerve

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Skeletal muscle demonstrates a force deficit after repair of injured peripheral nerves. Data from the literature indicate that myoblast transfer enhances recovery of muscle function. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that transfer of adult myoblasts improves the properties of reinnervated rabbit tibialis anterior (TA) muscles in both the short term (4 months) and long term (14 months). Two months after transection and immediate suture of the common peroneal nerve, TA muscles were made to degenerate by cardiotoxin injection and then transplanted with adult myoblasts cultured for 13 days. Under these conditions, muscles studied at 4 months were heavier, contained larger fibers, and developed a significantly higher maximal force than muscles that had only been denervated-reinnervated. In the long term, although muscles made to degenerate were heavier and developed a significantly higher maximal force than denervated-reinnervated muscles, myoblast transfer failed to improve these parameters. However, the overall characteristics of long-term operated muscles tended clearly to approach those of the controls. Taken together, these results may have significant implications in certain orthopedic contexts, particularly after immediate or delayed muscle reinnervation.

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Immunohistochemical Analysis of Clinically Transplanted Muscles

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Long-term adaptation of human microneurovascular muscle flaps to the paralyzed face: An immunohistochemical study

Long-term adaptation of human microneurovascular muscle flaps to the paralyzed face: An immunohistochemical study

Long‐term morphometric and immunohistochemical findings in human free microvascular muscle flaps

Short‐ or long‐term effects of adult myoblast transfer on properties of reinnervated skeletal muscles

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