Tenacibaculosis in aquaculture farmed marine fish

GOURZIOTI, EVGENIA; Kolygas, Markos; Athanassopoulou, F.; Babili, V.

doi:10.12681/jhvms.15620

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Learning more about the microbiome of fish is essential given that, as for humans and other animals, the fish microbiome is crucial in protecting the health status of its host and in boosting the performance of the host immune system, well-being, food digestion, and synthesis of vital nutrients [8,13,18]. Mucosal surfaces such as skin and gills act as primary barriers to disease [3,[17][18][19] and play a key role in fish innate immunity [20]. At the same time, the gut microbiome has an active role in modulating the host's physiology, assisting the intestinal development and physiology, as well as the overall development, growth, health, energy homeostasis, and immune response of the fish host [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-associated and Environmental Microbiomes in an Open-Sea Mediterranean Gilthead Sea Bream Fish Farm

et al. 2022

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Gilthead seabream is among the most important farmed fish species in the Mediterranean Sea. Several approaches are currently applied to assure a lower impact of diseases and higher productivity, including the exploration of the fish microbiome and its manipulation as a sustainable alternative to improve aquaculture practices. Here, using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, we explored the microbiome of farmed seabream to assess similarities and differences among microbial assemblages associated to different tissues and compare them with those in the surrounding environment. Seabream had distinct associated microbiomes according to the tissue and compared to the marine environment. The gut hosted the most diverse microbiome; different sets of dominant ASVs characterized the environmental and fish samples. The similarity between fish and environmental microbiomes was higher in seawater than sediment (up to 7.8 times), and the highest similarity (3.9%) was observed between gill and seawater, suggesting that gills are more closely interacting with the environment. We finally analyzed the potential connections occurring among microbiomes. These connections were relatively low among the host’s tissues and, in particular, between the gut and the others fish-related microbiomes; other tissues, including skin and gills, were found to be the most connected microbiomes. Our results suggest that, in mariculture, seabream microbiomes reflect only partially those in their surrounding environment and that the host is the primary driver shaping the seabream microbiome. These data provide a step forward to understand the role of the microbiome in farmed fish and farming environments, useful to enhance disease control, fish health, and environmental sustainability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-associated and Environmental Microbiomes in an Open-Sea Mediterranean Gilthead Sea Bream Fish Farm

et al. 2022

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“…Therefore, in this complex and interactive environment, there is a risk that disruptions may cause pathogenic outbreaks by opportunist bacteria ( Blancheton et al, 2013 ). Groups commonly associated with disease outbreaks in sole are the Tenacibaculum genus ( Gourzioti et al, 2018 ), Vibrio ( Austin, 2010 ) and Photobacterium ( Toranzo et al, 2005 ). The first two have also been linked in a pathogenic dysbiosis event ( Wynne et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sole microbiome progression in a hatchery life cycle, from egg to juvenile

et al. 2023

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Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) pose unique challenges in microbial community management since they rely on a stable community with key target groups, both in the RAS environment and in the host (in this case, Solea senegalensis). Our goal was to determine how much of the sole microbiome is inherited from the egg stage, and how much is acquired during the remainder of the sole life cycle in an aquaculture production batch, especially regarding potentially probiotic and pathogenic groups. Our work comprises sole tissue samples from 2 days before hatching and up to 146 days after hatching (−2 to 146 DAH), encompassing the egg, larval, weaning, and pre-ongrowing stages. Total DNA was isolated from the different sole tissues, as well as from live feed introduced in the first stages, and 16S rRNA gene was sequenced (V6-V8 region) using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The output was analysed with the DADA2 pipeline, and taxonomic attribution with SILVAngs version 138.1. Using the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index, both age and life cycle stage appeared to be drivers of bacterial community dissimilarity. To try to distinguish the inherited (present since the egg stage) from the acquired community (detected at later stages), different tissues were analysed at 49, 119 and 146 DAH (gill, intestine, fin and mucus). Only a few genera were inherited, but those that were inherited accompany the sole microbiome throughout the life cycle. Two genera of potentially probiotic bacteria (Bacillus and Enterococcus) were already present in the eggs, while others were acquired later, in particularly, forty days after live feed was introduced. The potentially pathogenic genera Tenacibaculum and Vibrio were inherited from the eggs, while Photobacterium and Mycobacterium seemed to be acquired at 49 and 119 DAH, respectively. Significant co-occurrence was found between Tenacibaculum and both Photobacterium and Vibrio. On the other hand, significantly negative correlations were detected between Vibrio and Streptococcus, Bacillus, Limosilactobacillus and Gardnerella. Our work reinforces the importance of life cycle studies, which can contribute to improve production husbandry strategies. However, we still need more information on this topic as repetition of patterns in different settings is essential to confirm our findings.

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“…Sustainable production of farmed fish and their commercialization are primarily challenged by the expansion of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microbes. Bacterial fish pathogens can cause systemic infection where they infect different organs of the fish, or they cause external infections by ulcerating the skin, gills, fin rots and mouth ( Bernoth et al, 1997 ; Mohanty and Sahoo, 2007 ; Austin and Austin, 2016 ; Gourzioti et al, 2016 ; Ina-Salwany et al, 2019 ). In both cases, the fish cannot be marketed even in cases where the disease is not lethal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretion Systems in Gram-Negative Bacterial Fish Pathogens

Mekasha

Linke

2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Bacterial fish pathogens are one of the key challenges in the aquaculture industry, one of the fast-growing industries worldwide. These pathogens rely on arsenal of virulence factors such as toxins, adhesins, effectors and enzymes to promote colonization and infection. Translocation of virulence factors across the membrane to either the extracellular environment or directly into the host cells is performed by single or multiple dedicated secretion systems. These secretion systems are often key to the infection process. They can range from simple single-protein systems to complex injection needles made from dozens of subunits. Here, we review the different types of secretion systems in Gram-negative bacterial fish pathogens and describe their putative roles in pathogenicity. We find that the available information is fragmented and often descriptive, and hope that our overview will help researchers to more systematically learn from the similarities and differences between the virulence factors and secretion systems of the fish-pathogenic species described here.

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Tenacibaculosis in aquaculture farmed marine fish

Cited by 15 publications

References 48 publications

Host-associated and Environmental Microbiomes in an Open-Sea Mediterranean Gilthead Sea Bream Fish Farm

Host-associated and Environmental Microbiomes in an Open-Sea Mediterranean Gilthead Sea Bream Fish Farm

Sole microbiome progression in a hatchery life cycle, from egg to juvenile

Secretion Systems in Gram-Negative Bacterial Fish Pathogens

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