Ten years of experience with the pneumococcal non-typeable<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>protein D-conjugate vaccine (<i>Synflorix</i>) in children

Lecrenier, Nicolas; Marijam, Alen; Olbrecht, Jan; Soumahoro, Lamine; Guevara, Javier Nieto; Mungall, Bruce A.

doi:10.1080/14760584.2020.1738226

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…In 2009, two higher valent PCVs were licensed for use around the world, a 10-valent vaccine (PCV10-GSK; Synflorix TM , GlaxoSmithKline) containing the PCV7 serotypes plus serotypes 1, 5, and 7F, and a 13-valent vaccine (PCV13-PFE; Prevenar13 TM , Pfizer), containing PCV10-GSK serotypes plus serotypes 3, 6A, and 19A. Over the last 10 years, PCV10-GSK and PCV13-PFE have demonstrated a substantial public health impact in reducing pneumococcal disease globally [7][8][9]. As a result of routine PCV infant immunization in many countries, pneumococcal deaths among children younger than 5 years old decreased between 2000 and 2015 by 51% worldwide [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Public Health and Economic Impact of Introducing the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine or 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines into State Immunization Programs in India

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Although the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has been introduced into select state immunization programs (SIPs) in India, many children remain unvaccinated. Recently, India's Advisory Committee on Vaccines & Immunization Practices recommended PCV on the pediatric immunization schedule nationally. This study estimates the public health and economic impact of introducing either Pfizer's 13-valent PCV (PCV13-PFE), GlaxoSmithKline's 10-valent PCV (PCV10-GSK), or Serum Institute of India's 10-valent PCV (PCV10-SII) into every pediatric SIP. Methods: A model was developed to predict the disease cases, deaths, and costs associated with implementing PCV13-PFE, PCV10-GSK, or PCV10-SII in SIPs compared to no vaccination program across a 5-year period (2021-2025). State and national-level uptake rate and clinical and economic input parameters were collected from published literature. Disease outcomes included invasive pneumococcal disease, inpatient and outpatient pneumonia, and otitis media. Costs were estimated as vaccine-related costs and direct medical costs incurred to the healthcare system. Results were reported by individual state and aggregated nationally. Results: Estimated over 5 years, implementing PCV13-PFE in SIPs could avert 12.1 million cases and save 626,512 lives among children under 5 years old compared to no vaccination. This corresponds to net national cost savings of over $1.0 billion. Both lower-valent PCVs are estimated to provide less economic savings than PCV13-PFE inclusive of vaccine-related costs. Compared with PCV13-PFE, implementing PCV10-GSK or PCV10-SII nationally is estimated to have a smaller public health impact, with PCV10-GSK averting 8.4 million cases (436,577 deaths) and PCV10-SII preventing 10.3 million cases (531,545 deaths) in India compared to no vaccination, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Public Health and Economic Impact of Introducing the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine or 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines into State Immunization Programs in India

et al. 2021

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“…[5,7,8] In many settings, robust pneumococcal disease surveillance has shown evidence of substantial reduction in pneumococcal diseases attributed to PCV use. [36] The extent of savings on treatment costs will depend on the effectiveness and coverage of PCV across the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cost of illness for childhood clinical pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease in Nigeria

Adamu

Karia

Bello

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Pneumococcal disease contributes significantly to childhood morbidity and mortality and treatment is costly. Nigeria recently introduced the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) to prevent pneumococcal disease. The aim of this study is to estimate health provider and household costs for the treatment of pneumococcal disease in children aged <5 years (U5s), and to assess the impact of these costs on household income. Methods: We recruited U5s with clinical pneumonia, pneumococcal meningitis or pneumococcal septicaemia from a tertiary and a secondary level hospital in Kano, Nigeria. We obtained resource utilisation data from medical records to estimate costs of treatment to provider, and household expenses and income loss data from caregiver interviews to estimate costs of treatment to households. We defined catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) as household costs exceeding 25% of monthly household income and estimated the proportion of households that experienced it. We compared CHE across tertiles of household income (from the poorest to least poor). Results: Of 480 participants recruited, 244 had outpatient pneumonia, and 236 were hospitalised with pneumonia (117), septicaemia (66) and meningitis (53). Median (IQR) provider costs were US$17 (US$14-22) for outpatients and US$272 (US$271-360) for inpatients. Median household cost was US$51 (US$40-69). Overall, 33% of households experienced CHE, while 53% and 4% of the poorest and least poor households, experienced CHE respectively. The odds of CHE increased with admission at the secondary hospital, a diagnosis of meningitis or septicaemia, higher provider costs, and caregiver having a non-salaried job. Conclusion: Provider costs are substantial, and households incur treatment expenses that considerably impact on their income and this is particularly so for the poorest households. Sustaining the PCV programme and ensuring high and equitable coverage to lower disease burden will reduce the economic burden of pneumococcal disease to the healthcare provider and households.

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“…The first PCV that was licensed was the 7-valent PCV (PCV7; Prevenar, Pfizer Inc), which was replaced beginning in 2009 by two higher valent vaccines covering 10 and 13 serotypes, namely PCV10 (Synflorix, GlaxoSmithKline) and PCV13 (Prevenar 13, Pfizer Inc). As of the end of 2020, PCVs are included in the national schedule in more than 160 countries across the globe, with PCV13 in more than 130 NIPs, and PCV10 in over 30 NIPs [6,7]. Additionally, another 10-valent PCV (Pneumosil, Serum Institute of India) has been licensed in some markets since receiving World Health Organization (WHO) pre-qualification in December 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two publications recently attempted to estimate a cumulative multi-country public health impact of these second-generation PCVs since their introduction [6,7]. Chapman et al (2020) conducted a modeling analysis to calculate the number of pneumococcal disease cases and consequent deaths averted in children less than five years old resulting from PCV13 NIPs between 2010 and 2019 [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The paper concludes that in the last ten years, PCV13 NIPs have prevented approximately 175.2 million cases of disease and 625 thousand deaths, underscoring the massive public health impact this vaccine has had globally. With a similar objective, Lecrenier et al (2020) published an estimation of the number of pneumococcal deaths averted from PCV10 vaccination among children less than five years old over the last decade within a review of its ten-year experience [7]. Authors stated that estimations were based on the number of PCV10 doses distributed globally and PCV10 vaccine efficacy from a randomized controlled trial in Latin America, however details of the methods or the model are not provided.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Public health impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination: a review of measurement challenges

Horn

Wasserman

Hall-Murray

et al. 2021

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Introduction: Modeling analyses have attempted to quantify the global impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) on pneumococcal disease (PD), however these pediatric models face several challenges in obtaining comprehensive impact measurements. Areas Covered: We present several measurement challenges and discuss examples from recently published pediatric modeling evaluations. Challenges include estimating the number of infants fully or partially vaccinated with PCVs, inclusion of indirect effects of vaccination, accounting for various dosing schedules, capturing effect of PCVs on nonspecific, noninvasive PD, and inclusion of adult PCV use. Expert Opinion: The true impact of PCVs has been consistently underestimated in published analyses due to multiple measurement challenges. Nearly 100 million adults are estimated to have received PCV13 over the last decade globally, potentially preventing up to 662 thousand cases of PD. Approximately 4.1 million cases of invasive PD alone may have been averted through indirect protection. Estimates of PCV impact on noninvasive PD remain a challenge due to altered epidemiology. Program switches, incomplete vaccination, and private market uptake among children also confound PD impact estimates. Taken together, the number of averted PD cases from PCV use in the last ten years may be up to three times higher than estimated in previous studies.

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Ten years of experience with the pneumococcal non-typeableHaemophilus influenzaeprotein D-conjugate vaccine (Synflorix) in children

Cited by 18 publications

References 132 publications

Estimating the Public Health and Economic Impact of Introducing the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine or 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines into State Immunization Programs in India

Estimating the Public Health and Economic Impact of Introducing the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine or 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines into State Immunization Programs in India

The cost of illness for childhood clinical pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease in Nigeria

Public health impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination: a review of measurement challenges

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