“…Besides these media-related studies, several other aspects related to the Tour de France have been investigated, which are less relevant to the current investigation, such as marketing cities and their peripheral areas (Smith, 2009), the doping culture in events such as the Tour de France and the resulting breaches of integrity (Palmer, 2000;Schneider, 2006;Wieting, 2000). From a competition point of view the Tour is also a field of experimentation for different forms of cooperation, for example when riders from different teams try to break away from the peloton, leading to a temporary organizational form (Scelles et al, 2018). Organizational forms also play a role in the study of the composition of teams, especially for the Tour de France, and in the role of the team manager (Prinz & Wicker, 2012).…”