Temporal Variation in Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus Antibodies in Freshwater Drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) Indicates Cyclic Transmission in Lake Winnebago, Wisconsin

Wilson-Rothering, Anna; Marcquenski, Susan; Koenigs, Ryan P.; Bruch, Ronald M.; Kamke, Kendall K.; Isermann, Daniel A.; Thurman, Andrew L.; Toohey-Kurth, Kathy; Goldberg, Tony L.

doi:10.1128/jcm.00010-15

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The ELISA method developed by Wilson‐Rothering et al (2014, 2015), with minor alterations by Thiel et al (2020), provided the basis for this serological assessment. This blocking ELISA uses a monoclonal antibody (Aquatic Diagnostics, Stirling, Scotland; conjugated by American Qualex, San Clemente, California) against the nucleocapsid protein of the virus (Olesen et al 1991; Wilson‐Rothering et al 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strain IVb of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV; Rhabdoviridae, Novirhabdovirus ) emerged in the early 2000s in U.S. waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes (Elsayed et al 2006; Thompson et al 2011) and has caused episodes of mortality in more than 30 fish species (Kim and Faisal 2010a, 2010b; Faisal et al 2012; Olson et al 2013; Warg et al 2014; Wilson‐Rothering et al 2015). The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WI DNR) routinely monitors state fish hatcheries, source waters for these hatcheries, broodstock, wild fish, and feeder fish for VHSV, with the goal of preventing viral spread.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, those results are based on assays that detect live virus and viral nucleic acids rather than on antibody detection assays, which indicate prior exposure to VHSV. Wilson‐Rothering et al (2015) showed that VHSV antibodies persisted years after a mass mortality event in Freshwater Drum Aplodinotus grunniens in Lake Winnebago. Of 548 Freshwater Drum that were tested 5 years after a documented VHSV outbreak, 8.0% were antibody positive by virus neutralization assay and 8.2% were positive by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with seven fish testing positive by both assays (Wilson‐Rothering et al 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wilson‐Rothering et al (2015) showed that VHSV antibodies persisted years after a mass mortality event in Freshwater Drum Aplodinotus grunniens in Lake Winnebago. Of 548 Freshwater Drum that were tested 5 years after a documented VHSV outbreak, 8.0% were antibody positive by virus neutralization assay and 8.2% were positive by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with seven fish testing positive by both assays (Wilson‐Rothering et al 2015). Similarly, Millard and Faisal (2012) detected the presence of neutralizing antibodies in Freshwater Drum, Muskellunge Esox masquinongy , Northern Pike E. lucius , and Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu sampled over a 6‐year period from Lake St. Clair, Michigan, even though virus was detected in only two of the six sampling years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we present a serosurvey of fish populations across Wisconsin's inland water bodies by using the nonlethal blocking ELISA developed by Wilson‐Rothering et al (2014, 2015). This effort yields the first comprehensive assessment of VHSV exposure and activity in inland Wisconsin water bodies and, to our knowledge, the first such assessment in any state or region.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Widespread Seropositivity to Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) in Four Species of Inland Sport Fishes in Wisconsin

et al. 2021

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Serological assays were conducted for anti‐viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) antibodies in four species of fish in Wisconsin (Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, Brown Trout Salmo trutta, Northern Pike Esox lucius, and Walleye Sander vitreus) to examine spatial and temporal distributions of exposure. Sera were tested for non‐neutralizing anti‐nucleocapsid antibodies to VHSV by blocking enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results (percent inhibition [%I]) were analyzed for differences among species, across geographic distance, and among water management units. Positive fish occurred in 37 of 46 inland water bodies tested, including in water bodies far from reported outbreak events. Using highly conservative species‐specific thresholds (mean %I of presumptive uninfected fish + 2 SDs), 4.3% of Bluegill, 13.4% of Brown Trout, 19.3% of Northern Pike, and 18.3% of Walleye tested positive for VHSV antibodies by ELISA. Spatial patterns of seropositivity and changes in %I between sampling years were also analyzed. These analyses explore how serology might be used to understand VHSV distribution and dynamics and ultimately to inform fisheries management.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Widespread Seropositivity to Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) in Four Species of Inland Sport Fishes in Wisconsin

et al. 2021

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Assessment of a Serologic Diagnostic Test and Kinetics of Antibody Development in Northern Pike Experimentally Infected with Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus

et al. 2020

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Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is an ongoing cause of disease and mortality in freshwater fishes across the Great Lakes region of the Midwestern United States. Antibody detection assays such as enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are nonlethal serological methods that can have significantly shorter turnaround times than the current validated viral detection diagnostic methodology for VHSV: cell culture with confirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This study evaluated an ELISA that detects nonneutralizing antinucleocapsid antibodies to VHSV in Northern Pike Esox lucius. Juvenile Northern Pike were experimentally infected with VHSV by intraperitoneal injection. The infected fish were monitored for 12 weeks for signs of disease, and weekly serum samples were obtained. An analysis of the survival data showed that mortality occurred significantly more quickly in inoculated fish than in control fish. Fish that were infected by injection showed a significant increase in antibody response by 2 weeks postinfection. However, variation in the rate and pattern of antibody response among the infected fish was high at any given point. The optimum window for detecting antibodies in Northern Pike is 2–12 weeks postinfection, which generally follows the median time to appearance of clinical signs (21 d postinfection). The receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis showed the ELISA to have a sensitivity of 80.5% and a specificity of 63.2% in Northern Pike, but these values can be adjusted by choosing different percent inhibition cutoffs, which may facilitate the use of the test for specific management goals. The results of this study offer insights into the disease progression and immune kinetics of VHSV, including interindividual variation, which will aid in the management of this economically important virus.

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Production of a monoclonal antibody against of muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) IgM heavy chain and its use in development of an indirect ELISA for titrating circulating antibodies against VHSV-IVB

Faisal

Standish

Vogelbein

et al. 2019

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Temporal Variation in Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus Antibodies in Freshwater Drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) Indicates Cyclic Transmission in Lake Winnebago, Wisconsin

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Widespread Seropositivity to Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) in Four Species of Inland Sport Fishes in Wisconsin

Widespread Seropositivity to Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) in Four Species of Inland Sport Fishes in Wisconsin

Assessment of a Serologic Diagnostic Test and Kinetics of Antibody Development in Northern Pike Experimentally Infected with Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus

Production of a monoclonal antibody against of muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) IgM heavy chain and its use in development of an indirect ELISA for titrating circulating antibodies against VHSV-IVB

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