Temporal variation characteristics and source apportionment of metal elements in PM2.5 in urban Beijing during 2018–2019

Zhao, Shuang; Tian, Hezhong; Luo, Lining; Liu, Huanjia; Wu, Bobo; Liu, Shuhan; Bai, Xiaoxuan; Liu, Wei; Li, Xiangyang; Wu, Yiming; Lin, Shu‐Min; Guo, Zhihui; Lv, Yaping; Xue, Yifeng

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115856

Cited by 60 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Si and Ca had relatively high concentrations in this factor. These species were tracer components of fugitive dust ( Bi et al, 2019 ; Lin et al, 2020 ; Manousakas et al, 2017 ; Zhao et al, 2021 ). The second factor was interpreted as secondary nitrate because of high explained variations of NO 3 − and NH 4 + associated with small DISP ranges and were present in relatively high concentrations ( Hasheminassab et al, 2014 ; Tian et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential health risks of inhaled toxic elements and risk sources during different COVID-19 lockdown stages in Linfen, China

Wang

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2021

Environmental Pollution

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Levels of toxic elements in ambient PM 2.5 were measured from 29 October 2019 to 30 March 2020 in Linfen, China, to assess the health risks they posed and to identify critical risk sources during different periods of the COVID-19 lockdown and haze episodes using positive matrix factorization (PMF) and a health-risk assessment model. The mean PM 2.5 concentration during the study period was 145 μg/m 3 , and the 10 investigated toxic elements accounted for 0.31% of the PM 2.5 mass. The total non-cancer risk (HI) and total cancer risk (TCR) of the selected toxic elements exceed the US EPA limits for children and adults. The HI for children was 2.3 times that for adults for all periods, which is likely due to the high inhalation rate per unit body weight for children. While the TCR for adults was 1.7 times that of children, which is mainly attributed to potential longer exposure duration for adults. The HI and TCR of the toxic elements during full lockdown were reduced by 66% and 58%, respectively, compared to their pre-lockdown levels. The HI and TCR were primarily attributable to Mn and As, respectively. Health risks during haze episodes were significantly higher than the average levels during COVID-19 lockdowns, though the HI and TCR of the selected toxic elements during full-lockdown haze episodes were 68% and 17% lower, respectively, than were the levels during pre-lockdown haze episodes. During the study period, fugitive dust and steel-related smelting were the highest contributors to HI and TCR, respectively, and decreased in these emission sources contributed the most to the lower health risks observed during the full lockdown. There, the control of these sources is critical to effectively reduce public health risks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential health risks of inhaled toxic elements and risk sources during different COVID-19 lockdown stages in Linfen, China

Wang

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2021

Environmental Pollution

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“…However, there were some distinctions between the urban and suburban sites; e.g., V and Ni were not correlated with any of the other 15 elements at the suburban site, whereas the concentration of Ni was significantly lower in winter. This is probably due to the fact that agricultural and construction activities are more common in suburban areas than in urban areas and are less prevalent in winter, resulting in a significant decrease in the use of related off-road machinery and corresponding exhaust emissions [59,60]. Sr and Ba, which are typical alkaline-earth metals emitted by industrial processes such as alloy smelting, ceramic production, etc., were significantly related to each other in urban samples (p < 0.01, r = 0.81).…”

Section: Element Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of PM2.5 in an Industrial City of Northern China: Mass Concentrations, Chemical Composition, Source Apportionment, and Health Risk Assessment

Bai

Zhao

Yin

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Urban and suburban PM2.5 samples were collected simultaneously during selected periods representing each season in 2019 in Zibo, China. Samples were analysed for water-soluble inorganic ions, carbon components, and elements. A chemical mass balance model and health risk assessment model were used to investigate the source contributions to PM2.5 and the human health risks posed by various pollution sources via the inhalation pathway. Almost 50% of the PM2.5 samples exceeded the secondary standard of China’s air quality concentration limit (75 µg/m3, 24 h). Water-soluble inorganic ions were the main component of PM2.5 in Zibo, accounting for 50 ± 8% and 56 ± 11% of PM2.5 at the urban and suburban sites, respectively. OC and OC/EC decreased significantly in the past few years due to enhanced energy restructuring. Pearson correlation analysis showed that traffic emissions were the main source of heavy metals. The Cr(VI) concentrations were 1.53 and 1.92 ng/m3 for urban and suburban sites, respectively, exceeding the national ambient air quality standards limit of 0.025 ng/m3. Secondary inorganic aerosols, traffic emissions, and secondary organic aerosols were the dominant contributors to PM2.5 in Zibo, with the total contributions from these three sources accounting for approximately 80% of PM2.5 and the remaining 20% attributed to traffic emissions. The non-carcinogenic risks from crustal dust for children were 2.23 and 1.15 in urban and suburban areas, respectively, exceeding the safe limit of 1.0 in both locations, as was the case for adults in urban areas. Meanwhile, the carcinogenic risks were all below the safe limit, with the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from traffic emissions being just below the limits. Strict control of precursor emissions, such as SO2, NOx, and VOCs, is a good way to reduce PM2.5 pollution resulting from secondary aerosols. Traffic control, limiting or preventing outdoor activities, and wearing masks during haze episodes may be also helpful in reducing PM2.5 pollution and its non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health impacts in Zibo.

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“…Secondary sulfate aerosols are an important component of fine particles in severe haze periods (Zheng et al, 2015;R.-J. Huang et al, 2014;Guo et al, 2014), which adversely affect environmental quality and human health (Lippmann and Thurston, 1996;Fang et al, 2017;Shang et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive observation-based multiphase chemical model analysis of sulfur dioxide oxidations in both summer and winter

Song

et al. 2021

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Sulfate is one of the main components of haze fine particles, and its formation mechanism remains controversial. A lack of detailed and comprehensive field data hinders the accurate evaluation of relative roles of prevailing sulfate formation pathways. Here, we analyzed the sulfate production rates using a state-of-the-art multiphase model constrained to the observed concentrations of transition metal, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, hydrogen peroxide and other important parameters in winter and summer in the North China Plain. Our results showed that aqueous transition metal ion (TMI)-catalyzed oxidation was the most important pathway followed by the surface oxidation of Mn in both winter and summer while the hydroxyl and Criegee radical oxidations contribute significantly in summer. In addition, we also modeled the published cases for the fog and cloud conditions. It is found that nitrogen dioxide oxidation is the dominant pathway for the fog in a higher pH range while hydroperoxide and ozone oxidations dominated for the cloud.

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Temporal variation characteristics and source apportionment of metal elements in PM2.5 in urban Beijing during 2018–2019

Cited by 60 publications

References 58 publications

Potential health risks of inhaled toxic elements and risk sources during different COVID-19 lockdown stages in Linfen, China

Potential health risks of inhaled toxic elements and risk sources during different COVID-19 lockdown stages in Linfen, China

Characteristics of PM2.5 in an Industrial City of Northern China: Mass Concentrations, Chemical Composition, Source Apportionment, and Health Risk Assessment

A comprehensive observation-based multiphase chemical model analysis of sulfur dioxide oxidations in both summer and winter

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