Temporal variability in trihalomethane and haloacetic acid concentrations in Massachusetts public drinking water systems

Parvez, Shahid; Rivera‐Núñez, Zorimar; Meyer, Amy; Wright, J. Michael

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2010.12.008

Cited by 36 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The THM formation generally favoured by high temperature, chlorine residue and source water natural organic matters composition (NOMs) [6,9,13]. The observed seasonalvariation of THMs was consistent with earlier studies reported maximum THM formation in summer [9,13,14]. CHCl 2 Br and CHClBr 2 exhibit inconsistent higher mean seasonal variations in winter and spring than summer and autumn (Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5).…”

Section: Zefta Wtpsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The THM and its species values were complying with the Egyptian standard (Ministerial Decree No.458/2007) and as well as WHO (2012) standards for drinking water [11,12]. The THM formation generally favoured by high temperature, chlorine residue and source water natural organic matters composition (NOMs) [6,9,13]. The observed seasonalvariation of THMs was consistent with earlier studies reported maximum THM formation in summer [9,13,14].…”

Section: Zefta Wtpsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The variation of THMs can also influence temporally and seasonality influenced the THMs formation process. Different studies on seasonality dependency showed variable results in summer and winter [6,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of Trihalomethanes Levels in Gharbiya Governorates Drinking Water

Hassan¹,

Abdullah²,

Moustafa³

2015

Organic Chem Curr Res

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Section: Zefta Wtpsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Zefta Wtpsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Evaluation of Trihalomethanes Levels in Gharbiya Governorates Drinking Water

Hassan¹,

Abdullah²,

Moustafa³

2015

Organic Chem Curr Res

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“…Smith et al, 1980;Rodriguez and Serodes, 2001), on a seasonal basis (e.g. Parvez et al, 2011), and among year-on-year averages (e.g. Toledano et al, 2005).…”

Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the human health impacts of exposure to disinfection by-products — A critical review of concepts and methods

Grellier

Rushton

Briggs

et al. 2015

Environment International

107

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Understanding the public health implications of chemical contamination of drinking water is important for societies and their decision-makers. The possible population health impacts associated with exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) are of particular interest due to their potential carcinogenicity and their widespread occurrence as a result of treatments employed to control waterborne infectious disease. We searched the literature for studies that have attempted quantitatively to assess population health impacts and health risks associated with exposure to DBPs in drinking water. We summarised and evaluated these assessments in terms of their objectives, methods, treatment of uncertainties, and interpretation and communication of results. In total we identified 40 studies matching our search criteria. The vast majority of studies presented estimates of generic cancer and non-cancer risks based on toxicological data and methods that were designed with regulatory, health-protective purposes in mind, and therefore presented imprecise and biased estimates of health impacts. Many studies insufficiently addressed the numerous challenges to DBP risk assessment, failing to evaluate the evidence for a causal relationship, not appropriately addressing the complex nature of DBP occurrence as a mixture of chemicals, not adequately characterising exposure in space and time, not defining specific health outcomes, not accounting for characteristics of target populations, and not balancing potential risks of DBPs against the health benefits related with drinking water disinfection. Uncertainties were often poorly explained or insufficiently accounted for, and important limitations of data and methods frequently not discussed. Grave conceptual and methodological limitations in study design, as well as erroneous use of available dose-response data, seriously impede the extent to which many of these assessments contribute to understanding the public health implications of exposure to DBPs. In some cases, assessment results may cause unwarranted alarm among the public and potentially lead to poor decisions being made in sourcing, treatment, and provision of drinking water. We recommend that the assessment of public health impacts of DBPs should be viewed as a means of answering real world policy questions relating to drinking water quality, including microbial contaminants; that they should be conducted using the most appropriate and up-to-date data and methods, and that associated uncertainties and limitations should be accounted for using quantitative methods where appropriate.

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“…Despite the fact that DBPs are not easy to measure, THMs and HAAs help to evaluate the adequacy of disinfection by chlorine (Von Gunten et al 2001). Their occurrence is now regulated in various countries (because of their potential effects on human health), and their spatio-temporal occurrence is highly variable (Parvez, et al 2011;Uyak, et al 2014).…”

Section: Parameter Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, application, and sensitivity analysis of a water quality index for drinking water management in small systems

Scheili

Rodriguez

Sadiq

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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The aim of this study was to produce a drinking water assessment tool for operators of small distribution systems. A drinking water quality index (DWQI) was developed and applied to small systems based on the water quality index of the Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment. The drinking water quality index was adapted to specific needs by creating four drinking water quality scenarios. First, the temporal and spatial dimensions of drinking water quality variability were taken into account. The DWQI was designed to express global drinking water quality according to different monitoring frequencies. Daily, monthly, and seasonal assessment was also considered. With the data made available, it was possible to use the index as a spatial monitoring tool and express water quality in different points in the distribution system. Moreover, adjustments were made to prioritize the type of contaminant to monitor. For instance, monitoring contaminants with acute health effects led to a scenario based on daily measures, including easily accessible and affordable water quality parameters. On the other hand, contaminants with chronic effects, especially disinfection by-products, were considered in a seasonal monitoring scenario where disinfection by-product reference values were redefined according to their seasonal variability. A sensitivity analysis was also carried out to validate the index. Globally, the DWQI developed is adapted to the needs of small systems. In fact, expressing drinking water quality using the DWQI contributes to the identification of problematic periods and segments in the distribution system. Further work may include this index in the development of a customized decision-making tool for small-system operators and managers.

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Temporal variability in trihalomethane and haloacetic acid concentrations in Massachusetts public drinking water systems

Cited by 36 publications

References 57 publications

Evaluation of Trihalomethanes Levels in Gharbiya Governorates Drinking Water

Evaluation of Trihalomethanes Levels in Gharbiya Governorates Drinking Water

Assessing the human health impacts of exposure to disinfection by-products — A critical review of concepts and methods

Development, application, and sensitivity analysis of a water quality index for drinking water management in small systems

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