Nowadays, pollution of either surface or ground water with pesticides is considered as one of the greatest challenges facing Humanity and being a national consideration in Egypt. Agricultural activities are the point source of pesticides that polluting water bodies. The present study investigated the potentiality of Chlorella vulgaris for bioremoval of pesticides mixture of 0.1 mg/mL for each component (Atrazine, Molinate, Simazine, Isoproturon, Propanil, Carbofuran, Dimethoate, Pendimethalin, Metoalcholar, Pyriproxin) either as free cells or immobilized in alginate. Two main experiments were conducted including short-term study having 60 min contact time using fresh free and lyophilized cells and other long-term study having five days incubation period using free and immobilized cells. In the short-term study, the presence of living cells led to bioremoval percentage ranged from 86 to 89 and the lyophilized algal biomass achieved bioremoval ranged from 96% to 99%. In long-term study, the presence of growing algae resulted in pesticides bioremoval ranged from 87% to 96.5%. The main mechanism behind the removal of pesticides in water phase is proposed to be biosorption onto the algal cells. This conclusion is based on the short duration required for removal to occur. The obtained results encourage using microalgae in bioremediation of pesticides polluted water.Citation: Hussein MH, Abdullah AM, Din NIBE, Mishaqa ESI (2017) Biosorption Potential of the Microchlorophyte Chlorella vulgaris for Some Pesticides.

Aluminum ion adsorption capacity of zeolite from polluted tap water was investigated in this study. For the experimental studies, zeolite mineral which was 20-200 mesh size was used by activating with HCl and aluminum ion removal efficiencies were examined. Experiments were studied under laboratory, batch conditions were run at different pH values, temperatures. The highest removal efficiency was found as about 84.7% at pH 6.5. Similarly, experiments were carried out at different temperature values, and the maximum efficiency was obtained at 30°C. The efficiency obtained under the same conditions was 93%. The highest aluminum removal efficiency was obtained with 180 rpm shaking speed.

Chlorine has been utilized in the early stages of water treatment processes as disinfectant. Disinfection for drinking water reduces the risk of pathogenic infection but may pose a chemical threat to human health due to disinfection residues and their by-products (DBP) when the organic and inorganic precursors are present in water. In the last two decades, many modeling attempts have been made to predict the occurrence of DBP in drinking water. Models have been developed based on data generated in laboratory-scale and field-scale investigations. The objective of this paper is to develop a predictive model for DBP formation in the Alexandria governorate located at the northern west of Egypt based on field-scale investigations as well as laboratory-controlled experimentations. The present study showed that the correlation coefficient between trihalomethanes (THM) predicted and THM measured was R (2)=0.88 and the minimum deviation percentage between THM predicted and THM measured was 0.8 %, the maximum deviation percentage was 89.3 %, and the average deviation was 17.8 %, while the correlation coefficient between dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) predicted and DCAA measured was R (2)=0.98 and the minimum deviation percentage between DCAA predicted and DCAA measured was 1.3 %, the maximum deviation percentage was 47.2 %, and the average deviation was 16.6 %. In addition, the correlation coefficient between trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) predicted and TCAA measured was R (2)=0.98 and the minimum deviation percentage between TCAA predicted and TCAA measured was 4.9 %, the maximum deviation percentage was 43.0 %, and the average deviation was 16.0 %.

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The present study has been undertaken to evaluate performance efficiency of wastewater treatment plants in El-Gharbia governorate in Egypt. The wastewater treatment plants using different biological treatment techniques (conventional activated sludge, oxidation ditch, extended aeration, rotating biological contactors and aerated lagoons processes). Wastewater samples were collected from both influent and effluent of each plant and the wastewater quality were determined at central laboratory of Garbyia Water Co. The performance of each plant was estimated based on the treated wastewater quality data. Correlations between influent and effluent TSS, COD and BOD5 were developed. Kotour WWTP operates with the oxidation ditch technology exhibits the highest performance efficiency, while Tanta WWTP operates with conventional activated sludge technology exhibits the lowest one. The results show that, all collected samples from Tanta, and El Mehala El Kobra WWTPs were exceeding the Egyptian Permissible limits (COD: 80 mg/l) while the samples collected from Mehalet Marhom, Mehalet Menof, Kotour, El Santa, Shernak and Zefta were complying the Egyptian regulations.

This research deals with a 2D seismic structural and stratigraphic interpretation of Khan Al-Baghdadi area which is located in the western part of Iraq in Anbar governorate. Two main seismic reflectors are identified within the Silurian and Ordovician; these are the Hot_shale_1 within Akkas Formation and the Top Khabour Formation, which were deposited during the Paleozoic, based on synthetic seismogram of Akk_3 well near the study area. Time, depth, and velocity maps show the presence of two anticline structures trending east-west and located on the west side of the study area. The first is the Tulul structure (here denoted as A) and the second is denoted as B. Also, the maps show the increase in time towards the eastern side of the study area. The general slope of the reflectors is towards the southeast and the increase in the thickness of formations is gradually to the southwest and the northwest sides of the study area. The direct hydrocarbon indicator (DHI) was identified as sand lenses and flat spots on the studied reflectors, when applying seismic attributes like the instantaneous phase and the instantaneous Frequency), which give indicators of potential hydrocarbon accumulations. The primary reservoir in the study area is sandstone within the Khabour Formation, while the source and seal rocks are in the Hot_shale within Akkas Formation. They are interpreted to be present throughout Akkas Field, as gas-condensate accumulations, 100 km to the west of the study area and demonstrate the viability of the Paleozoic petroleum system in the Western Desert of Iraq.

The formation of carcinogenic Trihalomethanes (THMs) in the process of water disinfection by chlorine has raised concerns in the scientific community. This study aims to determine the levels of THMs in Greater Cairo drinking water over year of the study and compare it with the regulation in the Egypt law (458/2007), and the World Health Organization. The THMs concentration was measured in five different locations during 2014. The results indicate that the seasonal variation is below the critical values stipulated in the state, WHO and Egyptian regulations (seasonal average 45.14 ± 9.23 µg/l). In conclusion, it can be inferred that the concentration of THMs in the drinking water of Greater Cairo is not hazardous to human health.

Every year, pesticides are found in surface and ground waters in Egypt. Pesticides are uncommon usage and applied in high amounts in agricultural activities. The present study investigated the possible removal of some herbicides from water using the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris Microorganisms are capable of decomposing a range of organic pollutants and the main focus in previously published studies has been on bacteria and fungi. Microalgae are microorganisms that have different morphological, physiological, and genetic traits that confer the ability to produce different biologically active metabolites. Because of the high capacity of microalgae in biosorbing heavy metals, most of their studies concentrated on this advantage, but fewer studies reported the removal of organic pollutants such as pesticides. The experiments were conducted as the following; the first was long-term experiment (5 days) using growing cells, and the second was short-term experiment (60 min) using dead and living cells. In the long-term experiment, the presence of growing algae resulted in removal percentages of pesticides ranged from 87% to 96.5%, while in the short-term study, the presence of live algae cells led to removal percentages ranged from 86 to 89% and dead algae biomass achieved removal ranged from 96% to 99%. The main mechanism behind the removal of pesticides in the water phase is proposed to be biosorption onto the algal cells. This conclusion is based on the short duration required for removal to occur.