Temporal trends in muscular fitness of English 10-year-olds 1998–2014: An allometric approach

Sandercock, Gavin; Cohen, Daniel D.

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2018.07.020

Cited by 78 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A majority of the studies monitoring muscular fitness trends over time have focused on children. Most of these studies show a decreasing trend in muscular fitness, 10,11,[21][22][23] although, similar to the present study findings, no changes have also been observed, 24,25 while one study reported an increase. 26 Furthermore, the mean sit-up results were 37 reps/ min for 18-20 years Finnish men 7 and 34-38 repetitions in present 5-10 years older study sample.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In the current literature, there is a lack of data on temporal trends in muscular fitness, although muscular fitness is closely linked to health outcomes . Similar to cardiorespiratory fitness, the majority of existing studies monitoring muscular fitness trends over time have focused on children . In Finland, the prevalence of young adult men with good or excellent muscular fitness decreased between 1992 and 2004 and plateaued thereafter in young adult men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Similar to cardiorespiratory fitness, the majority of existing studies monitoring muscular fitness trends over time have focused on children. 10,11 In Finland, the prevalence of young adult men with good or excellent muscular fitness decreased between 1992 and 2004 6 and plateaued thereafter 7 in young adult men. Wyss et al (2018) 8 observed no change in either lower or upper body muscular fitness during 2006-2015 in young adult Swiss men, however, trunk muscle strength improved over the study period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in young adult Finnish men between 2003 and 2015

Vaara

Santtila

Vasankari

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Introduction Physical fitness is strongly related to health and may offer valuable information about public health. We investigated trends in physical fitness, leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA), and anthropometry of young healthy adult Finnish men in representative population‐based samples between 2003 and 2015. Methods Three independent cross‐sectional samples of 18‐ to 35‐year‐old Finnish men were assessed in 2003 (n = 889), 2008 (n = 803), and 2015 (n = 690). Cardiorespiratory (VO2max) and muscular fitness (1‐minute sit‐ups and push‐ups), body mass, and height were measured. Self‐reported LTPA was assessed. Results After adjusting for age, education, and smoking, cardiorespiratory fitness was higher in 2003 (mean: 43.5, 95%CI: 42.9‐44.1 mL/kg/min) compared to 2008 (41.3, 95%CI: 40.7‐41.9 mL/kg/min) and 2015 (40.6, 95%CI: 40.0‐41.2 mL/kg/min) (P < .001), whereas no difference was observed between 2008 and 2015. The lowest values in muscular fitness were observed in 2003, while no clear trends were further noticed. The adjusted BMI was higher in 2008 (25.1, 95%CI: 24.9‐25.4) and 2015 (25.3, 95%CI: 25.3, 95%CI: 25.0‐25.6) compared to 2003 (24.5, 95%CI: 24.3‐24.8) (P < .005). In 2015, a higher proportion of individuals exercised at least four times per week compared to 2003 and 2008 (P < .05). Conclusion The decrease in cardiorespiratory fitness that took place between 2003 and 2008 plateaued after 2008. The plateau is in accordance with the previously observed trend of 5‐10 years younger Finnish men. Moreover, muscular fitness was for the most part higher in 2008 and 2015 compared to 2003. Efforts directed to promote regular physical activity and improve physical fitness are needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in young adult Finnish men between 2003 and 2015

Vaara

Santtila

Vasankari

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…This supports the suggested year on year decline in PA currently witnessed in boys between the ages of 5 and 15, when measured by accelerometery [10]. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests there is a downward temporal trend in muscular fitness among English school children, indicating a lack of activities that support the development of muscular fitness [11]. Muscular fitness is assessed by measuring performance in tests of muscular strength, power and muscular endurance [11].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

The efficacy of school-based interventions to increase MVPA and MBSE outcomes in adolescent males. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cox¹,

Fairclough²,

Kosteli³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: It has been reported that boys’ and girls’ physical activity (PA) levels decline throughout adolescence. Boys are at risk of physical inactivity during adolescence however, in intervention research they are an under-represented group relative to girls. It is suggested that the school environment may be central to developing interventions that support adolescents in meeting the current PA guidelines. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy of school-based interventions to increase moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and muscle and bone strengthening exercise (MBSE) outcomes in adolescent males. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the preferred reporting systems for meta-analyses guidelines and was registered on PROSPERO (Registration number: CRD42018091023). Eligible studies were published in English within peer-reviewed articles. Searches were conducted in three databases, with an additional grey literature search in Google Scholar. Studies with MVPA and MBSE as outcomes were included.Results: There were 51 data sets identified across 15 studies, from eight countries. Overall methodological quality of the studies was moderate to strong. Significant, small effect sizes were identified following a pooled analysis of all studies which aimed to increase MVPA and MBSE outcomes (g = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.15, 0.37, P = <.001). Interventions targeting MVPA were ineffective (g = -0.09, 95% CI -0.72, -0.53, P = 0.77). Interventions targeting MBSE evidenced a small to medium effect (g = 0.27, CI 0.16, 0.39, P = <.001). Sub-group analyses of MBSE delivery method resulted in small to medium effects: Upper limb MBSE (g = 0.23, 95% CI 0.03, 0.43, p = 0.02), lower limb MBSE (g = 0.21, 95% CI 0.09, 0.33, p <0.00), combined resistance activities (g = 0.22, 95% CI 0.05 – 0.39, p = <0.00), plyometric activities (g = 0.39, 95% CI 0.09, 0.68, p = 0.01), body weight (g = 0.21, 95% CI -0.00, 0.44, p = 0.05), and traditional MBSE methods (g = 0.43, 95% CI -0.09, 0.78, p = 0.01).Conclusions: School-based interventions which aim to increase MVPA in adolescent males were not effective. Interventions focused on MBSE demonstrated small to moderate effects. Traditional and plyometric methods of MBSE appear to be the most effective form of PA delivery in adolescent males. More quality research is required to assess the impact of MBSE delivered in the school environment in order to inform future intervention design.

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“…There is also an international downward temporal trend in muscular fitness among school children, indicating a lack of activities that support the development of muscular fitness [12][13][14][15]. Muscular fitness is assessed by measuring performance in tests of muscular strength, power, and muscular endurance [12], and forms part of the MBSE guideline for PA. Lower levels of muscular fitness are associated with the development of noncommunicable disease in adolescent populations [16][17][18][19][20][21]. Moreover, the development of muscular fitness has been correlated with enhanced bone health, enhanced motor skill, and decreased fat mass in adolescents [22][23][24].…”

Section: Protocol and Registrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of School-Based Interventions for Improving Muscular Fitness Outcomes in Adolescent Boys: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

et al. 2019

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Background It has been reported that boys' and girls' physical activity (PA) levels decline throughout adolescence. Boys are at risk of physical inactivity during adolescence; however, in intervention research, they are an under-represented group relative to girls. It is suggested that the school environment may be central to developing interventions that support adolescents in meeting the current PA guidelines. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy of school-based physical activity interventions for improving muscular fitness (MF) in adolescent males. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the preferred reporting systems for meta-analyses guidelines and was registered on PROSPERO (Registration number: CRD42018091023). Eligible studies were published in English within peer-reviewed articles. Searches were conducted in three databases, with an additional grey literature search in Google Scholar. Studies investigating MF outcomes were included. Results There were 43 data sets identified across 11 studies, from seven countries. Overall methodological quality of the studies was moderate-to-strong. Interventions targeting MF evidenced a small-to-medium effect (g = 0.32, CI 0.17, 0.48, p < 0.00). Subgroup analyses of MF delivery method resulted in small-to-medium effects: upper limb MF measures (g = 0.28, 95% CI − 0.02, 0.58, p = 0.07), lower limb MF measures (g = 0.28, 95% CI 0.09, 0.68, p = 0.03), combined MF activities (g = 0.24, 95% CI − 0.04 to 0.49, p = 0.05), plyometric activities (g = 0.39, 95% CI 0.09, 0.68, p = 0.01), body weight (g = 0.27, 95% CI − 0.10, 0.65, p = 0.15), and traditional MF methods (g = 0.43, 95% CI 0.09, 0.78, p = 0.01). Conclusions School-based interventions which aimed to increase MF outcomes in adolescent boys demonstrated smallto-moderate effects. Traditional and plyometric methods of resistance training appear to be the most effective form of PA delivery in adolescent males. More quality research is required to assess the impact of MF delivered in the school environment to inform future intervention design.It is recommended that adolescents engage in a minimum of 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day with muscle and bone strengthening exercise Key PointsMF interventions delivered in a school-based environment demonstrated small-to-moderate effects in adolescent boys.MF delivered in a traditional manner, such as weight machines and free weights, may have a greater effect on enhancing MF than other forms of MF delivery.Plyometric forms of MF delivery demonstrated significant homogeneous effects and require further quality research to assess their application in the school environment.

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Temporal trends in muscular fitness of English 10-year-olds 1998–2014: An allometric approach

Cited by 78 publications

References 28 publications

Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in young adult Finnish men between 2003 and 2015

Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in young adult Finnish men between 2003 and 2015

The efficacy of school-based interventions to increase MVPA and MBSE outcomes in adolescent males. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Efficacy of School-Based Interventions for Improving Muscular Fitness Outcomes in Adolescent Boys: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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