Temporal Scalp Thickness, Body Mass Index, and Suprafascial Placement of Receiver Coil of the Cochlear Implant

Özturan, Orhan; Yenigün, Alper; Şentürk, Erol; Çalım, Ömer Faruk; Aksoy, Fadlullah; Eren, Sabri Baki

doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000003999

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…We studied the effect of aging on scalp thickness. Aiming for noninvasive indirect measurements, we first performed a retrospective analysis of the patients’ CT scans and selected the area from the overlying skin to the bone in a uniform location based on three‐dimensional reconstructions, like previously done in other studies . We spotted an important inaccuracy of measurement due to compression of the soft tissue by the weight of the head (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐dependent variations of scalp thickness in the area designated for a cochlear implant receiver stimulator

Ungar

Amit

Cavel

et al. 2018

Laryngoscope Investig Oto

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ObjectiveThe integrity of the scalp overlying a cochlear implant receiver stimulator (RS) is critical for the long‐term survival of the implant. Exposure or extrusion of the device will likely result in the need for its removal. There is a global trend of acceleration of population aging, thus raising the prevalence of cochlear implantation (CI) in the elderly. The aim of this study was to define age‐dependent changes in scalp thickness and discuss the implication of that anatomical characteristic for CI in the geriatric population.MethodsScalp thickness over the location of the RS in the temporo‐parietal area was measured directly with a needle in patients of various ages.ResultsTwo‐hundred thirty‐six temporo‐parietal scalps were measured in patients aged 18 to 85 years. A strong inverse correlation was found between age and scalp thickness (rs = ‐0.723, P < .001). Scalp thickness decreased with age from a mean of 8 mm in the third decade of life to 5 mm in the ninth decade of life.ConclusionThe human scalp thins with age and most likely undergoes a reduction in its strength. As a consequence, implantable hearing devices that are shielded by the scalp can be at increased risk of exposure and extrusion in the aging recipient. This needs to be taken into account when considering an implantation procedure, the surgical approach and patient instructions on need for and venues for continuing care over time.Level of Evidence2B

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐dependent variations of scalp thickness in the area designated for a cochlear implant receiver stimulator

Ungar

Amit

Cavel

et al. 2018

Laryngoscope Investig Oto

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“…Interestingly, in contrast to the expectation that women would report lower severity ratings than men and popular anecdotal beliefs that women have a higher discomfort tolerance to endure childbirth (Mogil, 2020), a growing body of research has found that women have a higher sensitivity to discomfort than men in several experimental models (e.g., cold pain, heat pain, electrical pain; Aslaksen et al., 2014; Mogil, 2020); nevertheless, these differences are often small and may require ≥41 subjects per group (Riley et al., 1998) to be consistently found. Thinner scalps in women (Ozturan et al., 2017) might also lead to an increased current density at the skin and greater peripheral nerve activation, which might explain sex‐related discomfort differences in this and other investigations. Aside from biological (hormonal, scalp thickness) variations, other explanations for sex differences in discomfort are experiential (e.g., different appreciations of “worst pain imaginable”) and sociocultural (e.g., gender role expectations of pain tolerance in men; Rosen et al., 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Women report more severe sensations from 2 mA and 4 mA transcranial direct current stimulation than men

Workman

Fietsam

Kamholz

et al. 2020

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Interest in transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to alter cortical excitability, facilitate neural plasticity, and improve performance is increasing. Subjects often report temporary stimulation‐related sensations, which might distract from the task being performed or compromise blinding. tDCS is also prone to high outcome irregularity and one potential variability source is the biological sex of the subject. The purpose of this study was to re‐analyze existing tolerability data to ascertain any sex differences in sensation severity and blinding guesses from tDCS at 2 mA and 4 mA. Each subject underwent tDCS at three randomly ordered intensities (sham, 2 mA, 4 mA), reported the severity sensations experienced, and guessed which tDCS condition they underwent (blinding). Women reported higher sensation severities than men from 2 mA and 4 mA tDCS and higher severities with increasing intensity (sham < 2 mA < 4 mA). Men reported similar severities in all stimulation conditions. Both sexes distinguished sham from 2 mA and 4 mA, and neither were able to discriminate between 2 mA from 4 mA. This study highlights differences in severity reports between women and men and adds to the growing body of literature, indicating that current sham methodologies might be inadequate to maintain blinding.

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“…For this example, both coils should have diameters no larger than 20 mm, and should be within 4-6 mm in length. Typical temporal skull thicknesses range from 6-12 mm [113]; the link should therefore function for coaxial D values in this range. Finally, PTE is a high priority for this example; higher PTE translates to a longer battery life, which is beneficial for the patient.…”

Section: Software and Design Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Inductive Link Design for Biomedical Wireless Power Transfer: A Tutorial

Schormans

Valente

Demosthenous

2018

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

111

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Wireless power transfer systems, particularly those based on inductive coupling, provide an increasingly attractive method to safely deliver power to biomedical implants. Although there exists a large body of literature describing the design of inductive links, it generally focuses on single aspects of the design process. There is a variety of approaches, some analytic, some numerical, each with benefits and drawbacks. As a result, undertaking a link design can be a difficult task, particularly for a newcomer to the subject. This tutorial paper reviews and collects the methods and equations that are required to design an inductive link for biomedical wireless power transfer, with a focus on practicality. It introduces and explains the published methods and principles relevant to all aspects of inductive link design, such that no specific prior knowledge of inductive link design is required. These methods are also combined into a software package (the Coupled Coil Configurator), to further simplify the design process. This software is demonstrated with a design example, to serve as a practical illustration.

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Temporal Scalp Thickness, Body Mass Index, and Suprafascial Placement of Receiver Coil of the Cochlear Implant

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

Age‐dependent variations of scalp thickness in the area designated for a cochlear implant receiver stimulator

Age‐dependent variations of scalp thickness in the area designated for a cochlear implant receiver stimulator

Women report more severe sensations from 2 mA and 4 mA transcranial direct current stimulation than men

Practical Inductive Link Design for Biomedical Wireless Power Transfer: A Tutorial

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