Temporal preparation improves temporal resolution: Evidence from constant foreperiods

Bausenhart, Karin M.; Rolke, Bettina; Ulrich, Rolf

doi:10.3758/pp.70.8.1504

Cited by 49 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Advantages of temporal preparation are found in time judgment/discrimination tasks using FP designs (Bausenhart, Rolke, & Ulrich, 2008;Correa, Sanabria, Spence, Tudela, & Lupiáñez, 2006;Grondin & Rammsayer, 2003). In tasks in which rhythm implicitly drives temporal expectancies, accuracy for on-time targets increases (Correa & Nobre, 2008;Jones, Boltz, & Kidd, 1982;Martin et al, 2005;Olson & Chun, 2001) and time judgment/discrimination improves (Barnes & Jones, 2000;Large & Jones, 1999;McAuley & Jones, 2003;McAuley & Kidd, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhythmic context modulates foreperiod effects

Ellis

Jones

2010

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics

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2274Preparing for a future event involves expectations about both the what and the when of that event. In the present study, we considered two very different perspectives on the role of temporal contexts in eliciting such preparatory expectations. A classic view derives from the foreperiod (FP) literature, in which responses to single time intervals have been studied. Different FP paradigms permit examination of the relationship between probabilistic uncertainty and reaction time (RT). A common assumption is that low uncertainty about the what and when of a forthcoming time interval, conferred probabilistically by prior trial context, facilitates preparatory activity. A different perspective derives from research on sequence perception. It is concentrated on relational (rather than probabilistic) properties of time intervals within sequences that facilitate preparation of forthcoming time intervals.In the present study, we outline contrasting hypotheses about the role of temporal context that emerge from these two perspectives. To evaluate these hypotheses, we modified a standard FP paradigm by incorporating each of three FPs (250, 500, and 1,000 msec) as the final time interval of rhythmical auditory patterns that varied in degree of temporal coherence. Uncertainties in FP ContextsClassically, temporal preparation for a forthcoming target event has been studied by varying the duration of a single time interval (i.e., an FP) that occurs between a warning signal and a target on each of a series of trials. 1 Faster RTs to the target presumably indicate better temporal preparation to a particular FP. Conventionally, an RT to a given FP depends on two features: FP duration and the intertrial context in which the FP occurs (e.g., Niemi & Näätänen, 1981).Intertrial (or global) context differentiates the two major paradigms used to study temporal preparation: In a variable-FP design, FPs vary from trial to trial within a block; in a constant-FP design, a single FP is used within a trial block. In the variable-FP paradigm, the probability distribution of FPs over trials is assumed to determine the uncertainty of an FP on an individual trial. In the simplest case, a uniform probability distribution of different FPs typically yields RTs that get shorter as an FP lengthens: a decreasing RT-FP function. The most parsimonious explanation for this function is that uncertainty decreases as time elapses from a warning signal, and this decreased uncertainty results in shorter RTs to longer FPs (e.g., Klemmer, 1956;Niemi & Näätänen, 1981;Woodrow, 1914). A flat RT-FP function is also consistent with a uniform FP distribution, but suggests that the subjects acquired little knowledge of FPs from the global context-that is, that uncertainty was uniformly high for all FPs.The constant-FP paradigm yields an RT-FP function that is characteristically different from that of variable-FP profiles, with RTs lengthening as FP lengthens. Such ascending RT-FP profiles are attributed to subjects' reduced abilities to estimate longer (albeit pred...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhythmic context modulates foreperiod effects

Ellis

Jones

2010

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics

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“…In particular, temporal preparation seems to increase the temporal resolution of the visual system. Temporal order judgments are facilitated when the stimuli appear at an expected point in time (Bausenhart, Rolke, & Ulrich, 2008;Correa, Sanabria, Spence, Tudela, & Lupiáñez, 2006c), and intervals tend to be perceived as longer when they appear at expected times (Grondin & Rammsayer, 2003). A further account of perceptual temporal expectancy claims that temporal expectancy speeds up the detection of stimulus onset (early-onset hypothesis; see Rolke & Hofmann, 2007;Seibold, Bausenhart, Rolke, & Ulrich, 2011a;Seibold, Fiedler, & Rolke, 2011b;Seifried, Ulrich, Bausenhart, Rolke, & Osman, 2010).…”

Section: General Nonmotor Expectancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Response specific temporal expectancy: Evidence from a variable foreperiod paradigm

Thomaschke

Kiesel

Hoffmann

2011

Atten Percept Psychophys

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When a stimulus-response event is frequently paired with a specific foreperiod, response performance for this event is improved after this foreperiod. This phenomenon is referred to as specific temporal expectancy.In four experiments, we investigated whether stimulus-or response-related processing benefits from specific temporal expectancy. In a speeded choice reaction task, different features of the imperative stimuli were frequently paired with foreperiods in such a way that only in some experiments were the responses also frequently paired with foreperiods. Participants revealed evidence for specific temporal expectancy when responses were frequently paired with foreperiods, but not when only the stimuli were frequently paired with foreperiods. We concluded that specific temporal expectancy affects response-related processing.

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“…Rolke (2008) also has shown that foreperiod effects can improve the perception of briefly presented (and masked) letters. And Bausenhart, Rolke, and Ulrich (2008) showed that foreperiod preparation actually improves the temporal resolution of visual perception (in the context of temporal order judgment tasks). Thus, it is possible that underlying the AA may be an ever-increasing temporal resolution of attention as the RSVP unfolds: In other words, it is possible that, as the RSVP progresses, we get better at individuating each letter episode and thus are better able to report them.…”

Section: University Of Illinois At Urbana-champaign Urbana Illinoismentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal tuning and attentional gating: Two distinct attentional mechanisms on the perception of rapid serial visual events

Ambinder

Lleras

2009

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics

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Temporal preparation improves temporal resolution: Evidence from constant foreperiods

Cited by 49 publications

References 58 publications

Rhythmic context modulates foreperiod effects

Rhythmic context modulates foreperiod effects

Response specific temporal expectancy: Evidence from a variable foreperiod paradigm

Temporal tuning and attentional gating: Two distinct attentional mechanisms on the perception of rapid serial visual events

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