Temporal predictions based on a gradual change in tempo

Cope, Thomas E.; Grube, Manon; Griffiths, Timothy D.

doi:10.1121/1.3699266

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…That such attentional focus may only be needed for relatively localized parts of a signal is compatible with evidence for the ubiquity of rapid, repeated, apparently unconscious and (in the case of interaction) mutual adjustments of phase rather than period, for cerebellar and (dorsal) thalamo-cortical oscillatory cycles, tapping behaviour and discrimination of 'out of time' events (e.g. [116,117]). An appealing aspect of this interpretation is rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org Phil.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Situational influences on rhythmicity in speech, music, and their interaction

Hawkins

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Brain processes underlying the production and perception of rhythm indicate considerable flexibility in how physical signals are interpreted. This paper explores how that flexibility might play out in rhythmicity in speech and music. There is much in common across the two domains, but there are also significant differences. Interpretations are explored that reconcile some of the differences, particularly with respect to how functional properties modify the rhythmicity of speech, within limits imposed by its structural constraints. Functional and structural differences mean that music is typically more rhythmic than speech, and that speech will be more rhythmic when the emotions are more strongly engaged, or intended to be engaged. The influence of rhythmicity on attention is acknowledged, and it is suggested that local increases in rhythmicity occur at times when attention is required to coordinate joint action, whether in talking or music-making. Evidence is presented which suggests that while these short phases of heightened rhythmical behaviour are crucial to the success of transitions in communicative interaction, their modality is immaterial: they all function to enhance precise temporal prediction and hence tightly coordinated joint action.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Situational influences on rhythmicity in speech, music, and their interaction

Hawkins

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Similarly, Geiser and Kaelin-Lang (2011) demonstrated no impairment of beat detection in a cohort of patients with early Parkinson's disease, regardless of whether they were tested before or after administration of dopaminergic medication (this changed only reaction time). Other psychophysical studies have demonstrated that healthy individuals are unable to prevent themselves from entraining to a rhythmic visual cue ( Rohenkohl, Coull, & Nobre, 2011 ), or to fully adapt their predictions of tone onset time to account for changing temporal context ( Cope, Grube, & Griffiths, 2012 ). Taken together with the present findings, the available data suggest that temporal prediction within a beat-based context crucially relies upon the striatum, and that executive control of this process is limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The basal ganglia in perceptual timing: Timing performance in Multiple System Atrophy and Huntington's disease

et al. 2014

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The timing of perceptual events depends on an anatomically and functionally connected network comprising basal ganglia, cerebellum, pre-frontal cortex and supplementary motor area. Recent studies demonstrate the cerebellum to be involved in absolute, duration-based timing, but not in relative timing based on a regular beat. Conversely, functional involvement of the striatum is observed in relative timing, but its role in absolute timing is unclear.This work tests the specific role of the basal ganglia in the perceptual timing of auditory events. It aims to distinguish the hypothesised unified model of time perception (Teki, Grube, & Griffiths, 2012), in which the striatum is a mandatory component for all timing tasks, from a modular system in which they subserve relative timing, with absolute timing processed by the cerebellum.Test groups comprised individuals with Multiple System Atrophy, a disorder in which similar pathology can produce clinical deficits associated with dysfunction of the cerebellum (MSA-C, n=8) or striatum (MSA-P, n=10), and early symptomatic Huntington's disease (HD, n=14). Individuals with chronic autoimmune peripheral neuropathy (n=11) acted as controls.Six adaptive tasks were carried out to assess perceptual thresholds for absolute timing through duration discrimination for sub- and supra-second time intervals, and relative timing through the detection of beat-based regularity and irregularity, detection of a delay within an isochronous sequence, and the discrimination of sequences with metrical structure.All three patient groups exhibited impairments in performance in comparison with the control group for all tasks, and severity of impairment was significantly correlated with disease progression. No differences were demonstrated between MSA-C and MSA-P, and the most severe impairments were observed in those with HD.The data support an obligatory role for the basal ganglia in all tested timing tasks, both absolute and relative, as predicted by the unified model. The results are not compatible with models of a brain timing network based upon independent modules.

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“…The extent to which higher-order sequences are used in predicting subsequent events or INIs is debated. Humans perform poorly at detecting temporal structure in mildly complex patterns (Cope et al, 2012). Finding regularity across a number of intervals correlates with reading ability, while detecting gradual speeding-up/slowing-down does not (Grube et al, 2014).…”

Section: General Discussion and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, exposure to strong temporal irregularities can make humans perceive regular events as irregular (Rhodes and Di Luca, 2016). Mildly regular—predictable though non-isochronous—patterns are perceived quite well, possibly based on local properties of the pattern (Cope et al, 2012). In any case it seems that human perception of rhythm is not simply a matter of determining time intervals between acoustic intensity peaks, but that it involves a more complex process, potentially integrating multiple prosodic cues such as pitch, duration, INI or intensity values.…”

Section: General Discussion and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeking Temporal Predictability in Speech: Comparing Statistical Approaches on 18 World Languages

Jadoul

Ravignani

Thompson

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Temporal regularities in speech, such as interdependencies in the timing of speech events, are thought to scaffold early acquisition of the building blocks in speech. By providing on-line clues to the location and duration of upcoming syllables, temporal structure may aid segmentation and clustering of continuous speech into separable units. This hypothesis tacitly assumes that learners exploit predictability in the temporal structure of speech. Existing measures of speech timing tend to focus on first-order regularities among adjacent units, and are overly sensitive to idiosyncrasies in the data they describe. Here, we compare several statistical methods on a sample of 18 languages, testing whether syllable occurrence is predictable over time. Rather than looking for differences between languages, we aim to find across languages (using clearly defined acoustic, rather than orthographic, measures), temporal predictability in the speech signal which could be exploited by a language learner. First, we analyse distributional regularities using two novel techniques: a Bayesian ideal learner analysis, and a simple distributional measure. Second, we model higher-order temporal structure—regularities arising in an ordered series of syllable timings—testing the hypothesis that non-adjacent temporal structures may explain the gap between subjectively-perceived temporal regularities, and the absence of universally-accepted lower-order objective measures. Together, our analyses provide limited evidence for predictability at different time scales, though higher-order predictability is difficult to reliably infer. We conclude that temporal predictability in speech may well arise from a combination of individually weak perceptual cues at multiple structural levels, but is challenging to pinpoint.

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Temporal predictions based on a gradual change in tempo

Cited by 17 publications

References 48 publications

Situational influences on rhythmicity in speech, music, and their interaction

Situational influences on rhythmicity in speech, music, and their interaction

The basal ganglia in perceptual timing: Timing performance in Multiple System Atrophy and Huntington's disease

Seeking Temporal Predictability in Speech: Comparing Statistical Approaches on 18 World Languages

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