Considerable speculation is evident both within the scientific literature and popular media regarding possible links between Asperger syndrome and offending. A survey methodology that utilised quantitative data collection was employed to investigate the prevalence of offending behaviour amongst adults with Asperger Syndrome in a large geographical area of South Wales, UK; qualitative interviews were then conducted with a sub-sample of those identified. A small number of participants meeting the study criteria were identified. For those who had offended, their experience of the criminal justice system was essentially negative. Possible implications of the results were discussed.
This study describes the frequencies of the first two formants of monophthongs produced by male RP speakers in four age groups: aged 20-25, 35-40, 50-55, and 65-73 years in 2001. The eleven monophthongs were spoken in /hVd/ contexts by five men in each age group. The eleven words, together with nineteen filler words chosen to distract attention from the purpose of the experiment, were randomized four times and read by each speaker in citation form, for a total of 880 items. F1 and F2 frequencies were measured in Hz and ERB-rate. As expected, in younger compared with older speakers, F1 is higher in /E/ and especially /oe/, and F2 is higher in /u…/ and /U/. Other vowels varied in overall dispersion of F1 or F2, but no other differences between age groups were observed. There is evidence that the oldest age group to show change in a vowel's quality has particularly large differences between individuals, so that, collectively, members of that group span much of the quality range from 'conservative' (older groups) to 'progressive' (younger groups). Such so-called 'break groups' have implications for theoretical explanations of sound change.
The biases that may have led to unjustified deaths by police actions have received much attention and have been extensively discussed (e.g., [1][2][3]), but are the deceased also subject to bias after their death by scientists examining their bodies? Are scientists biased by race or other irrelevant contextual information [4]?Forensic pathologists play a critical part in administering justice because of their role in criminal investigations and court proceedings, as they determine whether the manner of death was homicide vs. something else (e.g., accidental or suicide).Despite bias plaguing many forensic domains [5], forensic scientists often deny that bias can impact their decisions (the bias blind spot [6], and the fallacies of expert immunity and illusion of control [7]).Especially acute has been the resistance to adopt policies that minimize bias, which has "been met with stern resistance from the forensic pathology community" ([8] p. 261). However, cognitive bias
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