“…The FRN amplitude is larger for negative feedback than for positive feedback, indicating that the FRN is sensitive to feedback valence (Gehring & Willoughby, 2002;Holroyd & Coles, 2002;Luu, Tucker, Derryberry, Reed, & Poulsen, 2003;Miltner, Braun, & Coles, 1997;Yeung, Holroyd, & Cohen, 2005). A current theory of the FRN assumes that it reflects a reinforcement signal that triggers learning from negative feedback (Holroyd & Coles, 2002), which explains why FRN amplitude (Bellebaum & Daum, 2008;Cohen & Ranganath, 2007;Philiastides, Biele, Vavatzanidis, Kazzer, & Heekeren, 2010;van der Helden, Boksem, & Blom, 2010) or oscillatory activity related to the FRN (Cavanagh, Frank, Klein, & Allen, 2010) predicts the strength of behavioral adjustments in simple decision tasks.…”