Temporal Dietary Patterns Derived among the Adult Participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 Are Associated with Diet Quality

Eicher‐Miller, Heather A.; Khanna, Nitin; Boushey, Carol J.; Gelfand, S.B.; Delp, Edward J.

doi:10.1016/j.jand.2015.05.014

Cited by 45 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies among adults to examine associations for daily temporal eating patterns with energy-adjusted nutrient intakes, diet quality, and adiposity (17). A "grazing" pattern, identified by using LCA and characterized by more frequent EOs found in our earlier study (18), was associated with lower diet quality and higher intakes of discretionary foods in both men and women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Studies that examine the temporal patterning of EOs across the day are rare (17). Two studies found distinct temporal eating patterns across the day when applying a data-driven analytic approach, including cluster analysis (17) and latent class analysis (LCA) (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies found distinct temporal eating patterns across the day when applying a data-driven analytic approach, including cluster analysis (17) and latent class analysis (LCA) (18). These methods were used to discover unknown patterns in the data on the basis of an observed set of indicators (e.g., time of EO consumption).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These methods were used to discover unknown patterns in the data on the basis of an observed set of indicators (e.g., time of EO consumption). Examples of patterns found by using these methods include a "conventional" pattern, where meals and snacks were evenly spaced and consumed at conventional times in the United States and Australia, and a pattern characterized by a higher eating frequency with less definitive meal occasions (17,18). These patterns were associated with differences in sociodemographic and health characteristics (17,18) and diet quality (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, studies have examined the proportion of total EI across stratified time periods (e.g., morning, midday, or evening) (13), the proportion of EI consumed after 1700 (12), and the ratio of evening to morning EI (61). However, because individuals have multiple EOs across the day and the EIs at these EOs are likely correlated, novel approaches, such as the use of LCA or cluster analysis [e.g., the approaches used in this study and in the study by Eicher-Miller et al (17)] are needed to better understand the relation between temporal eating patterns and obesity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal eating patterns: associations with nutrient intakes, diet quality, and measures of adiposity

Leech

Timperio

Livingstone

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Some evidence suggests that higher energy intake (EI) later in the day is associated with poor diet quality and obesity. However, EI at one eating occasion (EO) is also dependent on EI at surrounding EOs. Studies that examine the distribution of EOs across the day are rare. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine associations between temporal eating patterns, nutrient intakes, diet quality, and measures of adiposity in a representative sample of Australian adults. Design: Dietary data from two 24-h recalls collected during the crosssectional 2011-2012 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey were analyzed (n = 4544 adults, aged $19 y). Temporal eating patterns, based on the distribution of EOs across the day, were determined by using latent class analysis. Diet quality estimated adherence to healthy eating recommendations and was assessed by using the 2013 Dietary Guidelines Index (DGI). Multivariate regression models assessed associations between temporal eating patterns, nutrient intakes, diet quality, and adiposity (body mass index, waist circumference, weight status, and central weight status). Models were adjusted for potential confounders and energy misreporting. Results: Three patterns, labeled "conventional," "later lunch," and "grazing," were identified. Compared with a "conventional" or "later lunch" pattern, men and women with a "grazing" pattern had lower DGI scores and higher intakes of discretionary (noncore) foods (P , 0.05). Among women, the "grazing" pattern was associated with overweight or obesity (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.13) and central overweight or obesity (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.19, 2.50). These associations were attenuated after the exclusion of energy misreporters and adjustment for total EI. Conclusions: This study found that a "grazing" temporal eating pattern was modestly but significantly associated with poorer diet quality and adiposity among women, after adjustment for covariates and energy misreporting. Future research should consider the impact of energy misreporting on the relation between temporal eating patterns and adiposity. This secondary analysis was registered at anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12617001029381.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Temporal eating patterns: associations with nutrient intakes, diet quality, and measures of adiposity

Leech

Timperio

Livingstone

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Eating patterns of Australian adults: associations with blood pressure and hypertension prevalence

et al. 2018

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Purpose Eating patterns have been linked to obesity, an established risk factor for hypertension; however, their contribution to hypertension is poorly understood. This study aimed to examine associations of frequency of meals, snacks and all eating occasions (EO), and temporal eating patterns, with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension. Methods Dietary data collected via two 24-h recalls during the 2011-2012 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (n = 4482 adults, ≥ 19 years) were analysed. Frequencies of EO, meals, and snacks were calculated. Temporal eating patterns were determined using latent class analysis. Multivariate regression models assessed associations of eating patterns with systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and hypertension prevalence. Results Among men, a higher snack frequency was inversely associated with DBP [β = − 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) (− 1.12, − 0.07)] and hypertension [odds ratio (OR) 0.86, 95% CI (0.75, 0.98)] after adjustment for covariates and BMI. However, these associations disappeared after additional adjustment for total energy intake and overall diet quality. Among women, a temporal eating pattern characterized by a later "lunch" meal was associated with SBP [β = 2.45, 95% CI (0.05, 4.84)], DBP [β = 1.69, 95% CI (0.25, 3.13)], and hypertension [OR = 1.49, 95% CI (1.00, 2.22)], when compared to a "conventional" eating pattern. Conclusions In this study, an inverse association found between snack frequency and BP among men disappeared after adjustment for dietary factors and a "later lunch" pattern was associated with higher BP in women. Future research is needed to understand the relationship and potential mechanistic pathways between eating patterns and BP.

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Trajectories of energy intake distribution and subsequent risk of hyperglycemia among Chinese adults: findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1997–2018)

Song

Wang

et al. 2021

Eur J Nutr

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Aims Few studies have examined the secular trend of the energy intake distribution, and its effect on future risk of hyperglycemia. This study aims to describe trajectories of energy intake distribution over 12 years and relate them to subsequent risk of hyperglycemia over 9 years of follow-up. Methods Our study used ten waves of data from the CHNS survey, a population-based longitudinal survey in China, ongoing since 1989. We examined a cohort of adult participants who were free from diabetes but had at least three waves of dietary data from 1997 to 2009. We assessed energy intake using three consecutive 24 h recalls. We used these data to identify trajectory groups of energy intake distribution by multi-trajectory model based on energy intake proportions of breakfast, lunch, and dinner. We followed up participants for hyperglycemia, diabetes, and impaired fasting glucose for 9 years from 2009 to 2018. Outcomes were ascertained with fasting glucose, serum HbA1c, and self-report of diabetes and/or glucose-lowering medication. We estimated relative risk (RR) for hyperglycemia, diabetes, and impaired fasting glucose by identified trajectory groups using multilevel mixed-effects modified Poisson regression with robust (sandwich) estimation of variance. Gender difference was additionally examined. Results A total of 4417 participants were included. Four trajectory groups were identified, characterized and labeled by “Energy evenly distributed with steady trend group” (Group 1), “Dinner and lunch energy dominant with relatively steady trend group” (Group 2), “Dinner energy dominant with increasing trend and breakfast energy with declining trend group” (Group 3), and “breakfast and dinner energy dominant with increasing trend group” (Group 4). During 48,091 person-years, 1053 cases of incident hyperglycemia occurred, 537 cases of incident diabetes occurred, and 516 cases of impaired fasting glucose occurred. Compared with Group 1, Group 3 was associated with higher subsequent risk of incident hyperglycemia in 9 years of follow-up (RR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.61). No association was found for incident diabetes and impaired fasting glucose. Among males, Group 3 was associated with higher risk of incident hyperglycemia in 9 years of follow-up (RR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.07, 1.94). No relationship was found in females. Conclusions Energy intake distribution characterized by over 40% of energy intake from dinner with a rising trend over years was associated with higher long-term risk of hyperglycemia in Chinese adults.

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Temporal Dietary Patterns Derived among the Adult Participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 Are Associated with Diet Quality

Cited by 45 publications

References 36 publications

Temporal eating patterns: associations with nutrient intakes, diet quality, and measures of adiposity

Temporal eating patterns: associations with nutrient intakes, diet quality, and measures of adiposity

Eating patterns of Australian adults: associations with blood pressure and hypertension prevalence

Trajectories of energy intake distribution and subsequent risk of hyperglycemia among Chinese adults: findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1997–2018)

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