Temporal course of intravital and postmortem proliferation of epidermal cells after mechanical injury

Oehmichen, M.; Cröpelin, A.

doi:10.1007/bf01245484

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Wound age determination is closely involved in the pathophysiology of the wound healing process. With advances in biochemical and immunohistochemical techniques, several markers have been applied to wound age determination [3,4,5,6,7,8] and immunohistochemical analysis is now exclusively utilized for wound age determination [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21]. VEGF has been characterized as an angiogenic growth factor from media conditioned by bovine pituitary folliculostellate cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Skin wound healing is a relevant aspect of forensic practice with respect to the determination of wound age and wound vitality. Thus, many studies on forensic wound age determination have been performed [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. Recently, biological substances such as growth factors, cytokines, and adhesion molecules have become useful markers for wound age determination [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forensic application of VEGF expression to skin wound age determination

et al. 2004

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An immunohistochemical study combined with morphometry was carried out to examine the time-dependent expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using 53 human skin wounds with different wound ages (groups I: 0-12 h, II: 1-4 days, III: 7-14 days and IV: 17-21 days). In the human wound specimens aged 4-12 h, neutrophils recruited at the wound showed no positive signals for VEGF. With an increase in wound ages of > or =7 days, granulation tissue and angiogenesis were observed, with the migration of macrophages and fibroblasts of which the cytoplasm expressed VEGF-positive reactions. Morphometrically, the average VEGF-positive ratio was highest in group III, followed by that of group IV. In groups III and IV, 13 out of 26 wound samples had VEGF-positive ratios of more than 50%. However, all of the wound samples in groups I and II showed VEGF-positive ratios of less than 50%. With regard to the practical applicability and forensic validity, these observations suggest that a VEGF-positive ratio of more than 50% possibly indicates a wound age of 7 days or more.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic application of VEGF expression to skin wound age determination

et al. 2004

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“…Following the introduction of immunohistochemical techniques, it was systematically shown that extracellular matrix components such as collagen (an extracellular component of granulation tissue) and fibronectin (an extracellular adhesive glycoprotein) were useful markers (Eisenmenger et al 1988;Betz et al 1992aBetz et al ,b, 1993aBetz 1994). In addition, the proliferative activity of different cell types can be examined using markers such as Ki-67 or bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), and these results have been applied to the wound age estimation or determination of wound vitality (Betz et al 1993c;Oehmichen and Cr6pelin 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The dynamics of inflammatory cytokines in the healing process of mouse skin wound: A preliminary study for possible wound age determination

1996

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The dynamics of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) during the healing process of mouse skin wounds were examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunostaining. The applicability of this examination for wound age estimation is discussed from the perspective of forensic pathology. After wound induction, mice were sacrificed at intervals ranging from 0 to 240 h. The levels of TNF alpha and IL-1 beta began to elevate rapidly after wounding and reached a peak at 3 h. The IL-1 alpha level reached a peak at 6 h, and IL-6 peaked at 12 h. An infiltration of numerous leukocytes, indicating acute inflammation, was observed at 3 and 6 h, and the main source of the cytokines was immunohistochemically identified as neutrophils. These results indicate that TNF alpha and IL-1 beta play an important role in the commencement of inflammation. "Rebound" of cytokine levels, i.e. a re-increase, was observed at 72 h after wounding. Histological examination of the 72-h-old wound showed migration of fibroblasts and the formation of new granulation tissues, indicating the proliferative stage of the wound healing process. These experimental findings indicate that these cytokines have a close relationship to wound remodeling as well as to inflammation. From the viewpoint of forensic pathology, it is considered that inflammatory cytokines may become one of the markers for wound age estimation, but further studies are needed, especially those involving the investigation using human wound specimens with known time intervals after injury.

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“…It is mandatory to discriminate antemortem wounds from postmortem damage on wound examination [1][2][3][4]. Furthermore, in vital wounds, wound age determination is essential in judging how wounds are related to a cause of death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, in vital wounds, wound age determination is essential in judging how wounds are related to a cause of death. The chronological histopathological alterations that characterize the different phases of wound healing have been applied to wound age determination because objective scientific evidence is always required in forensic practice [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of fibrocytes in human skin wounds and its application for wound age determination

et al. 2009

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Fibrocytes, a newly identified cell type, are bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitors that coexpress hematopoietic cell antigens and fibroblast products. In this study, a double-color immunofluorescence analysis was carried out using anti-CD45 and anti-collagen type I antibodies to examine the time-dependent appearance of fibrocytes, using 53 human skin wounds with different wound ages (group I, 0-3 days; group II, 4-7 days; group III, 9-14 days; and group IV, 17-21 days). In wound specimens with an age of less than 3 days, CD45+/collagen type I+ fibrocytes were not detected. The fibrocytes were initially observed in wounds aged 4 days, and their number increased in lesions with advances in wound age. In a semiquantitative morphometrical analysis, the average number of fibrocytes was highest in the wounds of group III. These findings imply that human skin wounds containing fibrocytes are at least 4 days old. Moreover, a fibrocyte number of over 10 indicates a wound age between 9 and 14 days (i.e., group III). Based on the average number of fibrocytes in each group, a fibrocyte number of over 15 more strongly suggests a wound age of 9-14 days. Together, our observations indicate the participation of fibrocytes in wound healing of human skin inducing the accumulation of extracellular matrix components, and therefore, detection of fibrocytes could be a useful marker for wound age determination.

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Temporal course of intravital and postmortem proliferation of epidermal cells after mechanical injury

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

Forensic application of VEGF expression to skin wound age determination

Forensic application of VEGF expression to skin wound age determination

The dynamics of inflammatory cytokines in the healing process of mouse skin wound: A preliminary study for possible wound age determination

Detection of fibrocytes in human skin wounds and its application for wound age determination

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