Temporal Control and Coordination: The Multiple Timer Model

Ivry, Richard B.; Richardson, Thomas

doi:10.1006/brcg.2001.1308

Cited by 167 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…On the other hand, it is conceivable that the representation of time for speech generation might be derived from an endogenous timing process (or a pacemaker) linked to some type of counting device (Ivry & Richardson, 2002). In line with this assumption, counting out loud from 1 to 100 significantly increased blinking, whereas reciting the alphabet had no significant effects on blinking (von Cramon & Schuri, 1980).…”

Section: Tapping and Blinkingmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Further, the existence of a central bottleneck, resonant properties of eyelid motor system, and a widely distributed eyelid-related brain network can create appropriate conditions for the hand motor system to entrain the onsets of concurrent spontaneous movements (blinks) with the onset of its motor events. Ivry and Richardson (2002) suggested that motor commands for bimanual tapping coming from two hemispheres are integrated for the control of the coordinated behavior. The eyelid movements are generated and controlled centrally, but they are also influenced via certain "secondary paths" (Ponder & Kennedy, 1927).…”

Section: Tapping and Blinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spontaneous eye blinks are entrained by finger tapping

Cong

Sharikadze

Staude

et al. 2010

Human Movement Science

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Section: Tapping and Blinkingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Tapping and Blinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous eye blinks are entrained by finger tapping

Cong

Sharikadze

Staude

et al. 2010

Human Movement Science

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“…In a bimanual finger-tapping task, Helmuth and Ivry (1996) discovered that the variability of the cycle time for each effector was reduced compared to single-handed tapping (see also review by Ivry & Richardson, 2002). The theory of coupled limit cycle oscillators explains this effect:…”

Section: Coordination In Limb Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limb versus Speech Motor Control: A Conceptual Review

Britta¹,

Fuchs²,

Perrier³

et al. 2011

Motor Control

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This paper presents a comparative conceptual review of speech and limb motor control.Speech is essentially cognitive in nature and constrained by the rules of language, while limb movement is often oriented to physical objects. We discuss the issue of intrinsic vs. extrinsic variables underlying the representations of motor goals as well as whether motor goals specify terminal postures or entire trajectories. Timing and coordination is recognized as an area of strong interchange between the two domains. Although coordination among different motor acts within a sequence and co-articulation are central to speech motor control, they have received only limited attention in manipulatory movements. The biomechanics of speech production is characterized by the presence of soft tissue, a variable number of degrees of freedom, and the challenges of high rates of production, while limb movements deal more typically with inertial constraints from manipulated objects. This comparative review thus leads us to identify many strands of thinking that are shared across the two domains, but also points us to issues on which approaches in the two domains differ. We conclude that conceptual interchange between the fields of limb and speech motor control has been useful in the past and promises continued benefit.

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“…Rhythmic finger tapping has received much interest from researchers of motor control because it provides an expedient window into neural timing. Although many brain areas participate in the timing of motor behaviorincluding the supplementary motor area (Grahn and Brett 2007), cerebellum (Ivry et al 1988;Ivry 1997;Del Olmo et al 2007), basal ganglia, thalamus, and motor and sensory cortices (Ivry and Richardson 2002)-the notion of a single, abstractly defined, neural timer has proven rather successful in accounting for behavioral data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model does not require any assumptions regarding the origin of the clock, only that the timing intervals are independent. Since its inception, the WK-model has been frequently used to analyze tapping sequences in a so-called synchronization-continuation paradigm, in which subjects first synchronize their tapping to a metronome and then continue the previously indicated rhythm after removal of the metronome (Wing and Kristofferson 1973;Musha et al 1985;Vorberg and Wing 1996;Pressing and Jolley-Rogers 1997;Pressing 1998;Ivry and Richardson 2002). The elegantly simple WKmodel provides an adequate description of various statistical properties of tapping sequences during continuation that can stand up to more elaborate models, which typically place more emphasis on long-term correlations in voluntary tapping (e.g., Chen et al 1997;Daffertshofer 1998;Delignières et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tapping with intentional drift

2008

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When tapping a desired frequency, subjects tend to drift away from this target frequency. This compromises the estimate of the correlation between inter-tap intervals (ITIs) as predicted by the two-level model of Wing and Kristofferson which consists of an internal timer ('clock') and motor delays. Whereas previous studies on the timing of rhythmic tapping attempted to eliminate drift, we compared the production of three constant frequencies (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 Hz) to the production of tapping sequences with a linearly decreasing inter-tap interval (ITI) (corresponding to an increase in tapping frequency from 1.5 to 2.5 Hz). For all conditions a synchronization-continuation paradigm was used. Tapping forces and electromyograms of the index-finger flexor and extensor were recorded and ITIs were derived yielding interval variability and model parameters, i.e., clock and motor variances. Electromyographic recordings served to study the influence of tapping frequency on the peripheral part of the tap event. The condition with an increasing frequency was more difficult to perform, as evidenced by an increase in deviation from the intended ITIs. In general, tapping frequency affected force level, inter-tap variability, model parameters, and muscle co-activation. Parameters for the condition with a decreasing ITI were comparable to those found in the constant frequency conditions. That is, although tapping with an intentional drift is different from constant tapping and more difficult to perform, the timing properties of both forms of tapping are remarkably similar and described well by the Wing and Kristofferson model.

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Temporal Control and Coordination: The Multiple Timer Model

Cited by 167 publications

References 34 publications

Spontaneous eye blinks are entrained by finger tapping

Spontaneous eye blinks are entrained by finger tapping

Limb versus Speech Motor Control: A Conceptual Review

Tapping with intentional drift

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