Temporal coherence in North Pacific sea-surface temperature patterns

Namias, Jerome; Born, Robert M.

doi:10.1029/jc075i030p05952

Cited by 138 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Overall, the SSTA shows continuous decreases (increases) in the positive (negative) non-WWR years without WWR (Figure 2c and 2d). Thus, the differences between 1951, 1956, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1971, 1974Negative 1959, 1960, 1977, 1978, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1994, 1996, 1998, 1999Non-WWR Positive 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1957, 1962, 1963, 1967, 1969, 1972, 1976, 1982, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993, 2000, 2002Negative 1958, 1961, 1964, 1970, 1973, 1975, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1984, 1987, 1988, 1992, 1995, 2001…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter‐to‐winter recurrence and non‐winter‐to‐winter recurrence of SST anomalies in the central North Pacific

Zhao¹,

Li²

2012

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] All previous studies of the winter-to-winter recurrence (WWR) of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) have focused on mean climatic characteristics. Here, interannual variability of the SSTA WWR in the central North Pacific (CNP) is studied. The SSTA WWR displays a strong interannual variability in the CNP. The relative roles of atmospheric forcing and the oceanic reemergence mechanism are investigated by comparing SSTA WWR years and non-WWR years. Oceanic reemergence mechanism operates every year, the SSTA in the following winter, however, depends not only on the oceanic entrainment but also the atmospheric forcing, which exhibits substantial interannual variability. During SSTA WWR years, atmospheric circulation anomalies also exhibit the WWR phenomenon. Atmospheric forcing as well as the oceanic reemergence mechanism can act synergistically to create SSTA in the following winter with the same sign. During SSTA non-WWR years, winter atmospheric circulation anomalies do not recur in the following winter, and the following winter has opposing atmospheric forcing on SSTA. Although the reemergence mechanism is likely still operating, the anomalous heating supplied by the oceanic reemergence mechanism is smaller than that coming through the atmospheric forcing. Overall, the WWR in the CNP is an evolutional characteristic of the whole air-sea system with the seasons, and the WWR of atmospheric circulation anomalies and its forcing play an important role in the SSTA WWR.Citation: Zhao, X., and J. Li (2012), Winter-to-winter recurrence and non-winter-to-winter recurrence of SST anomalies in the central North Pacific,

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter‐to‐winter recurrence and non‐winter‐to‐winter recurrence of SST anomalies in the central North Pacific

Zhao¹,

Li²

2012

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Since sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies tend to be damped by the negative surface heat flux feedback (Frankignoul and Kestenare 2002;Park et al 2005), persistent anomalous heating or cooling mostly reflects persistent SST anomalies. Although their persistence is larger at high latitudes in the cold season when the surface mixed layer is deep, and it may be enhanced by SST reemergence (Namias and Born 1970;Alexander and Deser 1995;de Coëtlogon and Frankignoul 2003), the largest sources of extratropical SST persistence are tropical forcing, which affects, in particular, the Pacific decadal oscillation (e.g., Schneider and Cornuelle 2005) and ocean circulation variability; the latter strongly contributes to the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), at least in climate model simulations where it is driven by changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) (e.g., Knight et al 2005;Medhaug and Furevik 2011;Danabasoglu et al 2012b;Marini and Frankignoul 2014). The AMO, which has a dominant period of about 70 yr, has been reported to have a large influence on summer temperature and precipitation, in particular in Europe and North America, and it may affect Atlantic hurricane activity (e.g., Enfield et al 2001;Goldenberg et al 2001;Sutton and Hodson 2005;Klotzbach 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wintertime Atmospheric Response to North Atlantic Ocean Circulation Variability in a Climate Model

2015

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Maximum covariance analysis of a preindustrial control simulation of the NCAR Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4), shows that a barotropic signal in winter broadly resembling a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) follows an intensification of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) by about 7 yr. The delay is due to the cyclonic propagation along the North Atlantic Current (NAC) and the subpolar gyre of a SST warming linked to a northward shift and intensification of the NAC, together with an increasing SST cooling linked to increasing southward advection of subpolar water along the western boundary and a southward shift of the Gulf Stream (GS). These changes result in a meridional SST dipole, which follows the AMOC intensification after 6 or 7 yr. The SST changes were initiated by the strengthening of the western subpolar gyre and by bottom torque at the crossover of the deep branches of the AMOC with the NAC on the western flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the GS near the Tail of the Grand Banks, respectively. The heat flux damping of the SST dipole shifts the region of maximum atmospheric transient eddy growth southward, leading to a negative NAO-like response. No significant atmospheric response is found to the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), which is broadly realistic but shifted south and associated with a much weaker meridional SST gradient than the AMOC fingerprint. Nonetheless, the wintertime atmospheric response to the AMOC shows some similarity with the observed response to the AMO, suggesting that the ocean-atmosphere interactions are broadly realistic in CCSM4.

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“…Namias and Born [96,97] and Alexander and Deser [98] showed that thermal anomalies in the deep ocean mixed layer could remain intact in the seasonal thermocline (30-100 m) in the summer and revert to the surface layer during the fall and winter. At the same time, in the winter, the strong surface buoyancy losses increase the MLD, and the seasonal thermocline is not distinguishable in temperature profiles [99].…”

Section: Thermocline Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Ocean/Sea Subsurface Water Temperature Studies from Remote Sensing and Non-Remote Sensing Methods

Akbari

Alavipanah

Jeihouni

et al. 2017

Water

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Oceans/Seas are important components of Earth that are affected by global warming and climate change. Recent studies have indicated that the deeper oceans are responsible for climate variability by changing the Earth's ecosystem; therefore, assessing them has become more important. Remote sensing can provide sea surface data at high spatial/temporal resolution and with large spatial coverage, which allows for remarkable discoveries in the ocean sciences. The deep layers of the ocean/sea, however, cannot be directly detected by satellite remote sensors. Therefore, researchers have examined the relationships between salinity, height, and temperature of the oceans/Seas to estimate their subsurface water temperature using dynamical models and model-based data assimilation (numerical based and statistical) approaches, which simulate these parameters by employing remotely sensed data and in situ measurements. Due to the requirements of comprehensive perception and the importance of global warming in decision making and scientific studies, this review provides comprehensive information on the methods that are used to estimate ocean/sea subsurface water temperature from remotely and non-remotely sensed data. To clarify the subsurface processes, the challenges, limitations, and perspectives of the existing methods are also investigated.

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Temporal coherence in North Pacific sea-surface temperature patterns

Cited by 138 publications

References 7 publications

Winter‐to‐winter recurrence and non‐winter‐to‐winter recurrence of SST anomalies in the central North Pacific

Winter‐to‐winter recurrence and non‐winter‐to‐winter recurrence of SST anomalies in the central North Pacific

Wintertime Atmospheric Response to North Atlantic Ocean Circulation Variability in a Climate Model

A Review of Ocean/Sea Subsurface Water Temperature Studies from Remote Sensing and Non-Remote Sensing Methods

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