Temporal characteristics and vertical distribution of atmospheric ammonia and ammonium in winter in Beijing

Wang, Qingqing; Zhang, Qi; Ma, Zhiqiang; Ge, Baozhu; Xie, Conghui; Zhou, Wei; Zhao, Jian; Xu, Weiqi; Du, Wei; Fu, Pingqing; Lee, James; Nemitz, Eiko; Cowan, Nicholas; Mullinger, Neil; Cheng, Xueling; Zhou, Libo; Yue, Siyao; Wang, Zifa; Sun, Yele

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.137

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Wang et al conducted the first continuous vertical measurements of particle extinction, BC and NO 2 from ground to 260 m, and found four typical vertical profiles that were associated with the changes in emissions, vertical mixing processes, and meteorology. Recent studies also extended the vertical measurements on the tower to HONO, VOCs, and gaseous NH 3 . − − However, the vertical changes in primary and secondary aerosols, the roles of local emissions and secondary formation, and impacts from meteorology in urban boundary layer remain poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Distributions of Primary and Secondary Aerosols in Urban Boundary Layer: Insights into Sources, Chemistry, and Interaction with Meteorology

Sun

Ouyang

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Vertical measurements are essential for the characterization of aerosol and boundary layer interactions; yet, our knowledge of vertical profiles of primary and secondary aerosol species in megacities is limited. Here, we conducted comprehensive vertical measurements of aerosol particle composition on a 325 m meteorological tower with two aerosol chemical speciation monitors in winter in urban Beijing. The simultaneous measurements at ground level, 140, and 240 m illustrated similar aerosol bulk composition at these three heights. However, the vertical ratios varied significantly among different aerosol species. Particularly, the vertical ratios of the aqueous phase and photochemical-related secondary organic aerosol (SOA) (aqOOA/OOA) decreased significantly, accompanied by the increases in ratios of secondary to primary OA, highlighting different chemical properties of OA between ground level and aloft, and the large impacts of vertical changes in meteorology and gaseous precursors on SOA formation. The vertical changes in NO 3 /SO 4 ratios, however, were mostly insignificant, likely due to the low relative humidity and aerosol water content that inhibited nocturnal heterogeneous reactions in the residual layer. Considerable increases in the ratios of 240 m to ground level in the early morning were also observed for most aerosol species, demonstrating impact of residual layer on the air pollution of 2nd day.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Distributions of Primary and Secondary Aerosols in Urban Boundary Layer: Insights into Sources, Chemistry, and Interaction with Meteorology

Sun

Ouyang

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The presence of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate in aerosols significantly impacts climatic conditions [22] as these aerosols absorb solar radiation, further heating the atmosphere and contributing to climate change [23]. Ammonia is highly reactive and soluble in atmospheric concentrations, although it has been demonstrated that ammonia concentrations vary with altitude [24][25][26]. Therefore, analyzing and detecting ammonia concentration in real time is difficult due to significant spatial and temporal variations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Spatial Variations of Atmospheric Ammonia in the Urban and Suburban Environments of Seoul, Korea

et al. 2021

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Atmospheric ammonia is a significant pollutant throughout the year, necessitating standardized measurement and identification of emission factors. We performed a quantized evaluation of ammonia concentrations at various locations in and around Seoul, South Korea. The established testing methods of the Radiello Passive Sampler were used for ammonia sampling, and the method was validated using annular denuder sampling. Urban and suburban areas were studied to gain a deeper understanding of the factors responsible for ammonia pollution. This study aimed to establish the fluctuations in concentration over one year, by analyzing the seasonal and regional variation in ammonia concentration. Livestock and agricultural areas recorded the highest concentration of ammonia among all sites, with the highest concentration recorded in autumn. However, at most of the other studied sites, the highest and lowest ammonia concentrations were recorded during summer and winter, respectively. This study attempted to establish a correlation between ammonia concentration and temperature, as well as ammonia concentration and altitude.

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“…Fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning were also suggested to be potential sources. 90,91 Others [92][93][94] have argued that NH3 is dominated by agricultural activities (due to volatilization from fertilizer and livestock waste). An additional factor hindering our understanding is that the current estimates of agricultural NH3 emissions in China may differ by a factor of 2.…”

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Thermodynamic Modeling Suggests Declines in Water Uptake and Acidity of Inorganic Aerosols in Beijing Winter Haze Events during 2014/2015–2018/2019

Song

Nenes

Gao

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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During recent years, aggressive air pollution mitigation measures in northern China have resulted in considerable changes in gas and aerosol chemical composition. But it is unclear whether aerosol water content and acidity respond to these changes. The two parameters have been shown to affect heterogenous production of winter haze aerosols. Here, we performed thermodynamic equilibrium modeling using chemical and meteorological data observed in urban Beijing for four recent winter seasons and quantified the changes in the mass growth factor and pH of inorganic aerosols. We focused on high relative humidity (> 60%) conditions when submicron particles have been shown to be in the liquid state. From 2014/2015 to 2018/2019, the modeled mass growth factor decreased by about 9%-17% due to changes in aerosol compositions (more nitrate and less sulfate and 18 Hence, it is useful to characterize these two parameters for understanding haze formation. 48 A general approach to measuring aerosol water content is by perturbing RH and detecting the 49 changes in aerosol physical properties, e.g., using nephelometers or hygroscopicity tandem 50 differential mobility analyzers, 3,19,20 but such measurements are not performed routinely in China. Another common approach involves thermodynamic equilibrium analyses between gas and aerosol phase for semivolatile species, requiring composition measurements and a thermodynamic model (e.g., E-AIM or ISORROPIA). 2,21,22 Intercomparisons indicate that water contents estimated

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Temporal characteristics and vertical distribution of atmospheric ammonia and ammonium in winter in Beijing

Abstract: Temporal characteristics and vertical distribution of atmospheric ammonia and ammonium in winter in Beijing.

Cited by 32 publications

References 47 publications

Vertical Distributions of Primary and Secondary Aerosols in Urban Boundary Layer: Insights into Sources, Chemistry, and Interaction with Meteorology

Vertical Distributions of Primary and Secondary Aerosols in Urban Boundary Layer: Insights into Sources, Chemistry, and Interaction with Meteorology

Seasonal and Spatial Variations of Atmospheric Ammonia in the Urban and Suburban Environments of Seoul, Korea

Thermodynamic Modeling Suggests Declines in Water Uptake and Acidity of Inorganic Aerosols in Beijing Winter Haze Events during 2014/2015–2018/2019

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