Temporal Causality and the Dynamics of Crime and Delinquency

Batabyal, Sourav

doi:10.1007/s11293-011-9289-8

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…If households fail to fulfill their obligations, they would become delinquent borrowers. Those labeled as such could not freely engage in social and economic activities and face various actions, including crime, that encourages liability fulfillment [ 11 ]. Second, Koreans usually regard assets as a means of bearing the costs of children’s education, marriage funding, maintaining life after retirement, and investment in asset growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial burden of catastrophic health expenditure on households with chronic diseases: financial ratio analysis

Jung

Kwon

Noh

2022

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background The financial status of households is vulnerable to chronic diseases which entail high medical expenses and income loss. Financial strain can be assessed by four indicators: a household surplus indicator, the liquid asset/debt ratio, a solvency indicator, and a liquidity indicator. We investigated the association between catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and financial ratio indicators in households with chronic diseases in South Korea. Methods This study applied thresholds to the financial ratios to determine the financial strain. We conducted multiple logistic regression analyses to determine whether CHE is associated with financial strain. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between CHE and basic financial indicators, absolute finance size, using multiple linear regression. Results When CHE occurred, all financial ratio indicators deteriorated. However, this was not due to decreases in the absolute size of wealth and income, but rather the relative balance between finances. In particular, the loss of liquid assets was a major factor in the deterioration. In addition, all types of labor-related income deteriorated; only private transfer income increased. Conclusions This study revealed that CHE in households with chronic diseases negatively impacts household finances. It was found that financial coping strategies are only resource consuming.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial burden of catastrophic health expenditure on households with chronic diseases: financial ratio analysis

Jung

Kwon

Noh

2022

BMC Health Serv Res

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“…It is important to note that the origins of this debt are frequently attached to loan based debt. There is some evidence that increased financial stress, particularly around mortgage and housing, during economic downturns may stimulate increases in crime and delinquency, however that these factors may be somewhat mitigated by formal economic and financial stimulus (Batabyal, 2011). This principle is likely to apply to the area of police misconduct.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Show cause analysis

Cubitt¹,

Judges²

2018

PIJPSM

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to detect and examine any trends in the self-reported causation of misconduct among officers being considered for dismissal. Design/methodology/approach The data utilised in this study consisted of show cause notice (SCN) responses. In the process of being considered for dismissal, officers’ may offer the causes of or mitigating factors to their misconduct as a means of avoiding dismissal. This study utilised these responses as a data source. Data collection occurred between January 2013 and October 2016, resulting in a cohort of n=100 responses comprised of between 1 and ~1,000 pages of free text. Qualitative methods were preferred, a conventional content analysis was performed with coding categories derived from SCN response text. Findings The results of this study indicate noteworthy levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related mental health issues amongst this cohort, as well as pervasive financial and workplace stressors, which officers frequently link to the causation of their misconduct. Of particular note is the consistent co-occurrence of work-related stressors and health issues, most commonly through formally diagnosed PTSD. Research limitations/implications This study indicates an opportunity for support services to impact positively on mental health and stress, and subsequently misconduct among police officers. Originality/value There is still very little understanding of the causation of misconduct among police officers. This is the first time that this data have been utilised in any form of the research, it provides valuable insight into a potential alternative method of addressing misconduct to reactionary investigative action.

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“…Non-index crimes, such as drug offences, commercial crimes, illegal immigration and criminal damages such as vandalism and graffiti, are not included in our analysis because of the absence of data. Following Batabyal (2011), we calculated the yearly aggregate crime rate by dividing the aggregate crime rate by that year’s state population and multiplying by 10,000. The crime rate is therefore measured in incidents per year per 10,000 population.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the impact of crime risk on housing prices in Malaysia

Wong

Azhari

Abdullah

et al. 2019

IJHMA

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of crime risk on housing prices at a national level in Malaysia during the period from 1988 to 2016. Design/methodology/approach A hedonic regression approach was used to estimate the Malaysian households’ valuation for crime risk. Specifically, the state-level property index on the state-level reported crime rate was regressed while controlling for state-level socioeconomic variables. The macroeconomic panel nature of the data set provides the merit to use a panel dynamic model instead of the traditional static panel data techniques (fixed effects or first difference). Findings Panel dynamic estimators consistently show a negative impact of crime risks on housing prices. The estimated elasticity of housing prices with respect to crime risks ranges from −0.141 to −0.166, in line with existing literature using micro level data. In fact, householders in crime hotspot states are willing to pay more for crime reduction compared to householders in non-hotspot states. The willingness to pay has also increased since the implementation of nationwide crime reduction plans in 2010. Research limitations/implications This is the first study that has examined the Malaysian people’s willingness to pay to reduce crime. This information is important in determining the optimal level of government expenditures for public safety. Originality/value This is the first study to examine the relationship between crime rates and housing prices in Malaysia. This study contributes to the literature by examining the impact of crime rates on housing prices at a national level by using panel dynamic models. The macro level data results are consistent and complement the existing literature based on micro level data.

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Temporal Causality and the Dynamics of Crime and Delinquency

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Financial burden of catastrophic health expenditure on households with chronic diseases: financial ratio analysis

Financial burden of catastrophic health expenditure on households with chronic diseases: financial ratio analysis

Show cause analysis

Estimating the impact of crime risk on housing prices in Malaysia

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