Temporal and spatial variations in the parasitoid complex of the horse chestnut leafminer during its invasion of Europe

Abstract

The enemy release hypothesis posits that the initial success of invasive species depends on the scarcity and poor adaptation of native natural enemies such as predators and parasitoids. As for parasitoids, invading hosts are first attacked at low rates by a species-poor complex of mainly generalist species. Over the years, however, parasitoid richness may increase either because the invading host continuously encounters new parasitoid species during its spread (geographic spread-hypothesis) or because local parasitoids need different periods of time to adapt to the novel host (adjustment-hypothesis). Both scenarios should result in a continuous increase of parasitoid richness over time. In this study, we reconstructed the development of the hymenopteran parasitoid complex of the invasive leafminer Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae). Our results show that the overall parasitism rate increases as a function of host residence time as well as geographic and climatic factors, altogether reflecting the historic spread of Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article contains supplementary material

First record of the egg parasitoids of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe, 1885) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Turkey unveiled by DNA Barcoding

“…When new insect species are introduced into a region, some can become invasive and cause significant economic damage. The success or failure of invasion of a species may depend on the its life history parameters, its response to climatic conditions, the competition with native species and the impact of natural enemies (Grabenweger et al, 2010). Natural enemies are considered to be the most important and practical option for keeping populations of invasive insects under pressure, thereby minimizing spread.…”

Impact of natural enemies on Obolodiplosis robiniae invasion

“…Natural enemies in the introduced range are therefore supposed to need time to adapt before they may succeed in reducing the ecological threats of a successful invader (Grabenweger et al 2010). Obolodiplosis robiniae is obviously exception to the rule.…”

Kestane Gal Arısı Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae): geçmişten günümüze dünyada ve Türkiye’deki son durumu ve mücadelesi

“…Komünite düzeyinde elde edilecek kuramsal bilgiler bilim dünyasına ülkemizce yapılmış önemli katkılar olmalarının yanı sıra, istilacı türlerin mücadele uygulamaları için gerekli olan altyapıyı da sağlamlaştıracak, belki de mücadelede farklı bakış açılarının benimsenmesini sağlayacaktır. Doğal düşmanların istilacı bir türe uyum sağlaması zaman alan bir süreçtir (Grabenweger et al, 2010). Bunun neden böyle olduğunu açıklamak için oluşturulmuş iki hipotez bulunmaktadır: Coğrafi Yayılma Hipotezi ve Uyum Hipotezi.…”

“…Bunlardan ilkine göre istilacı türe saldıran parazitoitlerin sayısı istilacı türün yayılış alanını genişletmesiyle artar (Schönrogge et al, 1995(Schönrogge et al, , 1996. İkinci hipotez ise yerel parazitoitlerin yeni konukçuya uyum sağlamak için belli bir zamana ihtiyaç duyduklarını söyler (Grabenweger et al, 2010). Bu hipotezlerin ikisi birden geçerli olabilir (Cooper & Rieske, 2011).…”