Temporal and spatial variation of shore-fast ice in the Kara Sea

Divine, D.; Korsnes, Reinert; Makshtas, Alexander

doi:10.1016/j.csr.2004.05.010

Cited by 44 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Losses of significant amounts of latent and sensible heat in this region often induce the new ice formation and deep cold and saline water production. This turns such shear zones into ice and deep water factories (Divine et al, 2004;Chapman, 1999;Dethleff et al, 1998), pumping up particulate materials and nutrients onto the ocean surface (Reimnitz et al, 1992;Korsnes et al, 2002). If we ignore the pixels of polynyas in the feature space image of backscattering coefficient versus look angle (right to the April 20 SAR image), there is only one near-linear cluster (Figure 3b), showing the decreasing of the backscattering coefficient with increasing look angle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In comparison, the time of break-up of fast ice in the Kara Sea usually starts in May-June, outside the line of ice ridges and in the vicinity of the Ob and Yenisei Rivers' mouths. The more stable part in the eastern Kara Sea breaks up in July or the first 20 days of August (Divine et al, 2004). Considering the very dynamic nature of the sea at Bering Straight and Norton Sound due to wind and oceanic currents, breakup and decay of coastal sea ice around Bering Straight and Norton Sound can be earlier than other Arctic regions.…”

Section: By May 21 2001mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such forcings include turbulent heat flux in the wind, air temperature, precipitation and ice thickness distribution (Bilello, 1980;Crocker and Wadhams, 1989;Flato and Brown, 1996;Divine et al, 2004), riverine sensible heat and runoff from river recharge (Searcy et al, 1996;Dmitrenko et al, 1998), shear and compression stresses caused by both wind and oceanic currents (Volkov et al, 2002). However, the onset of ice melting and decay process are still unpredictable, some results are even contradictory with each other (Brown and Cote, 1992;Flato and Brown, 1996;Divine et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In view of economical marine navigation and transportation, prompt knowledge of the timing of the opening of the Arctic seaway will help save money and time for North Atlantic ships going to East Asia because the Arctic seaway is about one-quarter distance shorter than the route through the Panama and Sues Canals. Grounded ice and ice ridges formed at the border of fast ice can pose as a great barrier for offshore oil and gas exploration (Divine et al, 2004). In the aspect of local ecosystem, it was found that the algal assemblage north of Drygalski Ice Tongue, in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica, is most closely associated with Fragilariopsis curta (a diatom common in stratified ice edge zones), suggesting that water column seeding by species melting out of coastal sea ice is important in the area (Cunningham and Leventer, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Coastal Region Sea Ice Decay from Orthorectified RADARSAT-1 ScanSAR Imagery: A Case Study of Bering Strait and Norton Sound, Alaska

Zhou

Chang

2007

J ENV INFORM

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ABSTRACT. Application of SAR images to detect the onset of breakup and dynamic decay process of coastal sea ice was investigated, using a time series of RADARSAT-1 C-band scanning SAR images of the areas around Seward Peninsula coastal region, Alaska, including Bering Strait and Norton Sound. Satellite image analyses mainly include a time series feature space images composed of radar backscattering coefficient versus look angle derived from RADARSAT-1 amplitude images covering both coastal sea and land area. It was found that the feature space images have a single mode before the decay and breakup of the coastal sea ice, and have multiple modes when large-scale open water first appears until the coastal sea ice disappears completely. The mode patterns in the feature space images can then be determined by the water surface roughness caused by the wind field. The single-mode phenomenon before ice melting is thought to be due to a similarity of the backscattering of snow cover on sea ice and land surface due to the common coverage by snow and ice. The appearance of multiple modes is due to the differences in backscattering of sea ice surface at various decaying stages or open water with different wave roughness due to wind effect, and the land surface with snow and ice cover with different melting conditions once the melting or decay starts and proceeds. The feature space images reported here can be used as a useful tool in detection of decay of coastal sea ice and landfast ice in the field of sea ice dynamics as the imaging radar technology is weather independent, providing information of coastal ice on a regular basis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: By May 21 2001mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Coastal Region Sea Ice Decay from Orthorectified RADARSAT-1 ScanSAR Imagery: A Case Study of Bering Strait and Norton Sound, Alaska

Zhou

Chang

2007

J ENV INFORM

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“…There is another maximum along the coast of the Kara Sea in MIROC5. In the actual Kara Sea, shore-fast ice is observed (e.g., Divine et al 2004). In addition, the ICESat observation often shows heavy sea-ice condition in the eastern end of the Kara Sea (Kwok et al 2009), although the thickness maximum is also found in the western end in MIROC5.…”

Section: Northern Hemispherementioning

confidence: 99%

Sea-Ice in Twentieth-Century Simulations by New MIROC Coupled Models: A Comparison between Models with High Resolution and with Ice Thickness Distribution

Komuro

Suzuki

Sakamoto

et al. 2012

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Sea ice has a large impact on climatic system and its variability. A good reproducibility of the past state of the sea ice in global climate models will reduce uncertainty in future projection. Here, we present sea-ice simulations for new versions of atmosphere-ocean coupled general circulation models, the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate version 4h (MIROC4h) and version 5 (MIROC5), and assess the reproducibility of the sea ice prior to the future projection. The horizontal resolution of MIROC4h is significantly high for a coupled climate model, although its sea-ice component is based on the previous version. MIROC5 employs some improved schemes including subgrid-scale ice thickness distribution.Hindcast simulations of twentieth-century climate by the new models are compared with observations and with the results of previous versions of MIROC. For the Northern Hemisphere, Arctic sea-ice simulations are improved in both MIROC4h and MIROC5 compared with previous models. MIROC5 generally agrees well with observational data, whereas in MIROC4h, the Arctic sea ice is smaller in summer extent and in thickness. Employment of the ice thickness distribution, which allows large heat exchange through subgrid-scale thin ice regardless of the grid-averaged thickness, and relatively high albedo parameters contribute to reproduce more realistic ice thickness in MIROC5 compared with that in MIROC4h. For the Southern Hemisphere, MIROC4h well reproduces the observed ice edge, especially in winter, while MIROC5 underestimates sea-ice extent. Both models indicate decreasing trends in Arctic sea ice in the late twentieth century. A heat budget analysis of the MIROC5 Arctic Ocean suggests that intensification of ice-albedo feedback accelerates the rate of Arctic ice decline.

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Landfast ice affects the stability of the Arctic halocline: Evidence from a numerical model

2015

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Landfast ice covers large surface areas of the winter Siberian Seas. The immobile landfast ice cover inhibits divergent and convergent motion, hence dynamical sea ice growth and redistribution, decouples winter river plumes in coastal seas from the atmosphere, and positions polynyas at the landfast ice edge offshore. In spite of the potentially large effects, state-of-the-art numerical models usually do not represent landfast ice in its correct extent. A simple parametrization of landfast ice based on bathymetry and internal sea ice strength is introduced and its effects on the simulated Arctic Ocean are demonstrated. The simulations suggest that the Siberian landfast ice impacts the Arctic halocline stability through enhanced brine production in polynyas located closer to the shelf break and by redirecting river water to the Canadian Basin. These processes strengthen the halocline in the Canadian Basin, but erode its stability in the Makarov and Eurasian Basins.

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Temporal and spatial variation of shore-fast ice in the Kara Sea

Cited by 44 publications

References 25 publications

Detection of Coastal Region Sea Ice Decay from Orthorectified RADARSAT-1 ScanSAR Imagery: A Case Study of Bering Strait and Norton Sound, Alaska

Detection of Coastal Region Sea Ice Decay from Orthorectified RADARSAT-1 ScanSAR Imagery: A Case Study of Bering Strait and Norton Sound, Alaska

Sea-Ice in Twentieth-Century Simulations by New MIROC Coupled Models: A Comparison between Models with High Resolution and with Ice Thickness Distribution

Landfast ice affects the stability of the Arctic halocline: Evidence from a numerical model

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