Temporal and spatial regulation of Rho-type guanine-nucleotide exchange factors: the yeast perspective

Gulli, Marie‐Pierre; Peter, Matthias

doi:10.1101/gad.876901

Cited by 96 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 115 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Much less is known about the signaling mechanisms that translate the extracellular cues into spatio-temporal regulation of the Rho GTPases. It is likely, however, that the concerted action of GEFs and GAPs is critical for the precisely timed and strictly localized activation of the Rho GTPases (Symons and Settleman 2000;Gulli and Peter 2001). This tight control may explain how the individual Rho GTPases can mediate multiple temporally and spatially distinct processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polarized growth is important at several stages of the budding yeast life cycle, including bud formation during vegetative growth and shmoo formation during mating. Recent genetic and biochemical analyses of the roles of the GTPase Cdc42 and its GEF Cdc24 in these processes has led to a model in which GEF activity is regulated in four distinct steps: GEF recruitment to the plasma membrane and subsequent activation, stabilization by adaptor proteins, and termination of signaling by GEF inactivation (Gulli and Peter 2001). Less is known about the regulation of GEFs in other organisms (Symons and Settleman 2000) and the budding yeast model may therefore serve as a more general paradigm for the analysis of localized GEF activation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Role of Rho family GTPases in epithelial morphogenesis

Aelst¹,

Symons²

2002

Genes Dev.

213

184

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Rho family GTPases in epithelial morphogenesis

Aelst¹,

Symons²

2002

Genes Dev.

213

184

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…It is likely that both cell cycle and hyphal-associated programs can regulate a common signaling module, which in turn controls the polarization of the actin cytoskeleton. This setting is reminiscent of that in S. cerevisiae where the polarization of the actin cytoskeleton during both mating and budding is mediated by altering the distribution of Cdc24, the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor of the RhoGTPase Cdc42, whose activation is required to orient the actin cytoskeleton toward the incipient bud site or toward pheromone during mating (Johnson, 1999;Gulli and Peter, 2001). Germ tube formation in C. albicans resembles cell polarity establishment during mating in S. cerevisiae in that both establish cell polarity in the absence of an active G 1 cyclin/CDK.…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms For Hyphal-associated Polarization Of Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyphal Elongation Is Regulated Independently of Cell Cycle inCandida albicans

Hazan

Sepulveda-Becerra

Liu

2002

MBoC

105

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The mechanism for apical growth during hyphal morphogenesis in Candida albicans is unknown. Studies from Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that cell morphogenesis may involve cell cycle regulation by cyclin-dependent kinase. To examine whether this is the mechanism for hyphal morphogenesis, the temporal appearance of different spindle pole body and spindle structures, the cell cycle-regulated rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton, and the phosphorylation state of the conserved Tyr19 of Cdc28 during the cell cycle were compared and found to be similar between yeast and serum-induced hyphal apical cells. These data suggest that hyphal elongation is not mediated by altering cell cycle progression or through phosphorylation of Tyr19 of Cdc28. We have also shown that germ tubes can evaginate before spindle pole body duplication, chitin ring formation, and DNA replication. Similarly, tip-associated actin polarization in each hypha occurs before the events of the G 1 /S transition and persists throughout the cell cycle, whereas cell cycle-regulated actin assemblies come and go. We have also shown that cells in phases other than G 1 can be induced to form hyphae. Hyphae induced from G 1 cells have no constrictions, and the first chitin ring is positioned in the germ tube at various distances from the base. Hyphae induced from budded cells have a constriction and a chitin ring at the bud neck, beyond which the hyphae continue to elongate with no further constrictions. Our data suggest that hyphal elongation and cell cycle morphogenesis programs are uncoupled, and each contributes to different aspects of cell morphogenesis. INTRODUCTIONCandida albicans is a polymorphic fungal pathogen that undergoes reversible morphogenetic transitions among budding, pseudohyphal, and hyphal growth forms (Odds, 1985). Its ability to switch between yeast and hyphal growth forms is directly related to its virulence, because mutants defective in hyphal growth are less virulent in mouse models than are their wild-type counterparts (Leberer et al., 1997;Lo et al., 1997;Gale et al., 1998). Hyphae may be suited to breach barriers in the host, whereas the yeast form is more easily disseminated within the host. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms for this morphogenetic switch should provide insight into the pathogenicity of this fungus.During hyphal growth in C. albicans, cell surface expansion is restricted to a small region at the hyphal tip. This apical growth zone is active during the entire hyphal growth period (Staebell and Soll, 1985). In contrast, yeast-form cells expand from a small area in a mostly apical manner only at the initial stage of budding. When the bud has reached a critical size, apical growth shuts down and general (isotropic) expansion takes place (Staebell and Soll, 1985). The localization of the actin cytoskeleton in yeast and hyphal cells reflects these differences in morphogenesis. Polarization of the actin cytoskeleton to the hyphal tip is observed in all hyphal cells (Anderson and Soll, 1986). However, in yeast-...

show abstract

“…In budding yeast, Cdc42p plays a key role in polarization and directs secretion to the bud site [5]. In polarized epithelial cells Cdc42 is required both for the targeting of secreted proteins to the basolateral surface and for selective recycling of internalization proteins to this site [61,91].…”

Section: Membrane Traffic and Cell Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The human Rho GTPase family comprises at least 23 separate proteins, of which RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 are the best studied [3] (Figure 1). Rho GTPases are also present in a wide range of simpler organisms [4], and studies of yeast (Saccharomyces cere isiae), the social amoeba Dictyostelium, plants and fruitflies (Drosophila) have all shown striking parallels in cellular function [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of endocytic traffic by Rho GTPases

Qualmann

Mellor

2003

Biochemical Journal

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The members of the Rho subfamily of small GTPases are key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton. However, recent studies have provided evidence for multiple additional roles for these signalling proteins in controlling endocytic traffic. Here we review our current understanding of Rho GTPase action within the endocytic pathway and examine the potential points of convergence with the more established, actin-based functions of these signalling proteins.

show abstract

Temporal and spatial regulation of Rho-type guanine-nucleotide exchange factors: the yeast perspective

Cited by 96 publications

References 115 publications

Role of Rho family GTPases in epithelial morphogenesis

Role of Rho family GTPases in epithelial morphogenesis

Hyphal Elongation Is Regulated Independently of Cell Cycle inCandida albicans

Regulation of endocytic traffic by Rho GTPases

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About