Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metal in Sediment of Urban Coastal Waters: A Case Study in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia

Abstract

Heavy metals, hazardous chemical substances, increase in marine environment due to anthropogenic discharges. However, due to the hydrodynamic of the marine system these metals could vary both temporal and spatial distribution of metals in Jakarta Bay. This study was to reveal the temporal and spatial distribution of metals in sediment over the bay and to assess the environmental condition. Sediment samples were collected in11 stations of March (transitional season) and June(dry season)2013. The result showed that the concentration of heavy metals varied spatially, in which elevated concentration occurred adjacent terrestrial indicating the enrichment of metal-anthropogenic source, but insignificant temporarily.Keywords: heavy metals, spatial distribution, temporal distribution, anthropogenic activities, Jakarta Bay. Logam berat merupakan bahan berbahaya yang tersebar di lingkungan laut karena pengaruh aktifitas antropogenik. Akan tetapi, logam berat ini dapat terdistribusi secara temporal ataupun spasial di Teluk Jakarta akibat sistem hidrodinamika laut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi spasial dan temporal logam berat dalam sedimen dan untuk menilai kondisi lingkungan teluk. Sedimen diambil dari 11 stasiun pada bulan Maret (musim transisi) dan Juni (musim kering) tahun 2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi spasial logam berat bervariasi, dimana konsentrasinya meningkat di lokasi dekat daratan yang mengindikasikan tingginya sumber logam-antropogenik namun secara temporal tidak signifikan.Kata kunci: logam berat, distribusi spasial, distribusi temporal, kegiatan antropogenik, Teluk Jakarta.

Accumulation of essential (copper, iron, zinc) and non-essential (lead, cadmium) heavy metals in Caulerpa racemosa, sea water, and marine sediments of Bintan Island, Indonesia

“…41 Budiyanto and Lestari (2017) examined the difference between metals in the eastern (March) and the southern seasons (June). 42 The results showed an increase in Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn metals from 1.18 μg/g to 1.74 μg/g, 94.8 μg/g to 157.0 μg/g, 41.7 μg/g to 89.4 μg/g, and 503.0 μg/g to 1270 μg/g, respectively. These results clearly show that changes in environmental conditions, especially wind direction, dynamics of currents and waves, as well as season, were factors that affected heavy metal concentrations in nature.…”

Heavy Metal Contamination in Sediments and Its Potential Ecological Risks in Youtefa Bay, Papua Province, Indonesia

“…The Pb content is higher on the Dumai coast, but the content of other heavy metals is relatively lower [Amin et al, 2009]. Higher levels of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni were detected in Jakarta Bay [Budiyanto and Lestari, 2017] and Mahakam Delta [Effendi et al, 2016], as well as Cu and Zn in Gresik waters [Lestari and Budiyanto, 2013]; however, the Cd content in the three waters is lower. The Cd content in this study area is relatively higher than in other waters, as presented in Table 6.…”

Harmful Impacts of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Soil and Crops Grown Around Dumpsites

“…The previous findings from studies carried out in Indonesia reported that heavy metals released into the environment by human activities in Indonesia cities are mainly from Industrialization, waste disposals, and agricultural activities [23]. Budiyanto and Lestari [23] reported that the coastal area of Indonesia is polluted by metals from the direct discharge of about 1,100 tons of solid wastes. This massive discharge of pollutants is embarrassing the water safety and aquatic life since it contributes to death of aquatic animals such as the death of coral reefs on a large scale [23].…”

“…Additionally, the anthropogenic source also includes waste disposal in farmland, mining activities, smoking, traffic emissions, the discharge of sewage, and building materials like paints [21,22]. The previous findings from studies carried out in Indonesia reported that heavy metals released into the environment by human activities in Indonesia cities are mainly from Industrialization, waste disposals, and agricultural activities [23]. Budiyanto and Lestari [23] reported that the coastal area of Indonesia is polluted by metals from the direct discharge of about 1,100 tons of solid wastes.…”

“…Budiyanto and Lestari [23] reported that the coastal area of Indonesia is polluted by metals from the direct discharge of about 1,100 tons of solid wastes. This massive discharge of pollutants is embarrassing the water safety and aquatic life since it contributes to death of aquatic animals such as the death of coral reefs on a large scale [23]. Humans and animals are also contaminated by toxic heavy metals via inhalation of dusty soil [24].…”